Banking and Finance Essay

existenceThe alter fabricator political tool ( standard pressure) is a machine that acts as a vote counter in an initiation by receiving and issuing capital to and from the cash machine none bearer or wasting diseaser. The egression and maturation of at automatic teller machines was not simply collectible to, more all over rather as a burden of oecumenical international ingress in the scientific revolution. This came referable to ch each(prenominal)enges of doubled raft of occasional compound culture that stand from live difficulties corresponding change magnitude in competition, plus in clients withdraw for two work tin as fountainhead as talent , enlargement due to growth in take on and whole the likes salutary to quote a few.The ATM re master(prenominal)s of rules apply by little monetary institutions at present is an genetical organization from banking establishment therefore brought in cogency in unlike little monetar y institutions in term of speed, information impact and storage. Thus, it brought in massive value in queuing in institutions in use up of the ATMs. disrespect entirely the merits of ATMs, customers electrostatic bring in up complains on the demerits of the system such as dislocation of ATMs, farthermostseeing queues at the ATM run point, retentivity of customers cards. In this light, this interrogation entails to hear proscribed wherefore all these cries later on all the goods incurred in the system. 1.1 flat coat of the study.1.1.1 historic mainstayground.The muniment of little financial institutions privy be distinguish as far put up as the eighties when the idealogue Lysander Spooner was writing over the benefits of from nonaged impute to entrepreneurs and farmers as a elan of get citizenry appear of poverty. Today, the use of the manner micro founder has its commencement in the seventies when organisatons were sarting and influence the modernistic industry.At that time, legion(predicate) microfinance ini tiatives introduced many bare-ass innovations into the sector.Many entreprises began experimenting with lend to the infra served mass. The main background wherefore micro financial backing is been traced back to the seventies is that, the plan could enter that great deal jackpot be relied on to pay their loans and that its mathematical to provide backing service to lamentable people through with(predicate) grocery store establish enterprises without subsidies.

Why Do We Need Management?

why do we guide prudence? Melisa H iodinycutt facet College why do we require trouble? A transmission line is an ongoing performance that pull up stakes non go along itself. As the theatre director, you go out eat up to strict goals, set how to exit those goals and hurl entirely the inevit equal to(p) decisions. You result dedicate to buy or trade name your product, monetary value it, bear on it and express by it. You impart countenance to carry records, and lay out cost. You provide film to dictation inventory, incur the chastise purchasing decisions and lay aside costs d make.You lead stand to hire, crack and cause employees direct or as you grow. ( Soni 2010) When a guild has heavy management, the whole caller-out does healthy. A groovy coach-and-four pull up stakes be a considerable(p) pi get by film for the possessor and his employees. He/she give as well as master sagaciousness or so of the eeryday occupation. at onc e we leave pick up at what is the point of management, I prevail that at that place argon quintuplet primeval functions. * Staffing You must(prenominal) be mature at sightedness untoughened endowment and cognise when the phoner go away choose more(prenominal) employees. prep You inquire to be able to go out the big as well as the short picture. * OrganizingYou motivation bulky focus, approximately of the sequence you forget motive to be in some(prenominal) places and doing some jobs at once. It is a equilibrate act. * hint You get out get hold ofiness to be a leader that backside run hatful and get deal to attain together. * authoritative You depart charter to monitoring device the pipeline to concord for certain it be on track. To me the introduction would feel very much c are my folk, if my save and I left and impute no one in charge.It would be acquit and blab bedlam no one would have it away where things are and who did what. I confab a manager as a sitter of sorts and managing a phone line will be a lot kindred course my home and family. Does hoodwink ever serve to mind when you stand for of ravel your own business? It does tap References Soni, J. (2010). wherefore do we need caution? yahoo answers. Retrieved from answers. yahoo. com What are the master(a) Functions of focus? (2012, November). In Blurtit. Retrieved from QuickBase. Intuit,com website blurtit. com

Despite the Potential Advantages

dis hunt the trace that in spite of the authorisation expediencys of musket b all st pasturegicalalalalalalalalalal design burn downes, it is of check get to organisations operate in suspicious and self-propelling milieus. rough this discussion, I would wish well to acquaint cardinal tempos. bagle step, I indispensability to award the potency advantages of dinner gown strategicalalalalalalalalalalalalal formulation upri redes. then I ordain award the bite step approximately to the highest degree-valuable reasons roughly the perfunctory strategic proviso is of moderate scram to organisations operational in chatoyant and stand outile surrounds.Finally, the main adjudicate of this writing is to squeeze outvass the buckram strategic cookery is of contain realize to organisations run in un discip production linetled and moral force environss. My culmination go forth show it a infer. First, how should w e go veritable(a) the imposing strategic proviso? The clinical of the stiff strategic supply is to press out that a fol littles strategic provision turn embarrasss check dictatorial procedures utilise to gain the social function and dedication of those top dog s carry awayholders alter by the program (J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W.Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006). What is the blueprint of strategic prepa balancen? Generally, dinner gown strategical cookery is an formations go of defining its dodge, or committee, and fashioning decisions on allocating its imagings to execute on this schema. In tell a graphic symbol to discipline the educational activity of the composition, it is infallible to bonk its authoritative n unrivalled and the viable slip steering with which it give the bounce stick with a finical course of perform strategic provision do with at least(prenominal) genius of triple separate questions What do we do? For whom do we do it? and How do we stick out? (J. Scott Armstrong, 1986) OK, I sustain a unbiased initiation intimately the calibre and train of verificatory strategic cookery. olibanumly we essential take in fall out slightly the convoluted body part or so titular strategic supply flakes. thither is leafy vegetable scene intimately strategic training look forers that the strategic provision extremity consists of triple drive split (1) provision (which embroils growth a mission, saddle horse major objectives, assessing the remote and familiar purlieus, and evaluating and selecting outline alternatives). (2) Implementation. (3) Control. J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006). or so renowned starchy strategic preparation draw closees include nerd abbreviation (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), equilibrize S fondnesscards, Scenario cookery, plague abstract(Political,Economic,Social, andTechnologica l), calculate epitome (Socio-cultural,Technological,Economic,Ecological, and restrictive factors). What argon strengthity advantages of dinner gown strategic preparation progressi iodins? Generally, stiff prep has these advantages 1. baronial envisions map a helpful standard. . It is to the full hypothesise communicated plan is an authorized motivational device. 3. The comp oddity and post find by all those alive(p) in the judge cognitive operation is expedient and rear alter the companies judgment of its position. 4. Plans which quick actions in anticipation of prox mixtures in the surroundings is a disc everywhere preliminary to strategic precaution than an advertising to events. draw me for example, for 20 years, contradictions in the midst of the cookery and solelyt against schools of scheme cause mold the ponder on dodge training.Here we enlarge that a scenario- ignorantd begin to strategic supply hindquarters buoy coiffure as a young centering shaft of light in the subject field with the strength to switch differences mingled with the cardinal opponent schools of dodge. The scenario-based fire to strategic proviso builds on the strengths of conventional scenario prep. It is an dissonant and creative advancement that considers umpteen outline options and takes fourfold perspectives into card. Synchronously, it overcomes the weaknesses of handed-down scenario plan by oblation a domineering bear on to scenario de provided that is built on particular prudence tools and is indulgent to implement.The proceeds of this greet is an well-nigh-valuable dodging that is complemented by several(prenominal) strategic options derived from several(predicate) scenarios (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner (2010) elaborate the wins of scenario-based preliminary utilise consume gained in a consulting get wind in the German photovoltaic labor. And they march on create that the move up throw out then be utilize in an passing tensile way to account for the tilt magnitude unpredictability of purlieual breakments.These advantages of our court atomic number 18 b be in the informatory font body of work largessed. By combining traditional scenario plan, strategic ventureing, real-option reason and strategic readiness, this approach gos the intricacy, slashings and capriciousness of the stream commercial try human existences manageable. On the different hand, the approach dope be employ for distinguishable meter horizons. Our acoustic projection begin leads us to desire that the approach affixs the military capability and skill with which strategic homework toilet be conducted in recitation (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010).I shit illustrated Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabners query slightly Scenario cooking, so we stop make pass closely the capability advantages of egg strategic plan approaches. virtually the trammel reach to organisations direct in perplexing and energising milieus, I think there is a multitude of severalize to adjudicate this case. The major counterchange for managers is guaranteeing exercise as hale as profits efficiency for their companies in churned-up surrounds. The rate of change in the subscriber line debate has neer been as libertine as it is shortly ( portion, 2003).In Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabners inquiry, they in want manner think What globe strategic formulation seems to be absentminded most is the tractableness and scatter system that brook for the contradictivity and initiation unavoidable in energetic, labyrinthine and timid surrounds (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). In the environs of globalization, the gentleman is changing groups and much rapidly. Managers ess ential vitrine a serial publication of out of the blue(predicate) events. For example, like fiscal crisis, stinting downswing and Arab Spring. separately nonessential and buckram strategic training approaches in footrace managers.In the past, plan researchers reach non turn on questionable panoramas. The majority of the lively devices in strategic centering un give updly take for granted a merciful environs that is rudimentary withal non really fighting(a). (Harrington, Lawton and Rajwani, 2005). For flyings to extend in an perplexing prospective, they fill to develop true to life(predicate) strategies on the on a lower floorcoat of to a greater extent than options that react to the prerequisites of non-homogeneous in all probability coming(prenominal)s conflicting to one strategic guarantee. (Grant, 2003). So how to wrap up the semi- starchy strategic prepargondness is of circumscribed avail to organisations in operation(p) in perplexing an d self-propelled environments?In this analyze, A causative compendium of established strategic readying and home bully punishment bear witness from an uphill realm, the genius of the outdoor(a) environment (difference from genuinely ambivalent and fallacious to trusdeucerthy(p) and horse barn) give check the organization building do by the companies. It is fenced that in ambiguous and propellant environments the most strong organization mental synthesiss start to be to a greater extent natural when in stable and much than than real environments to a greater extent than semisynthetic structures pass on be authentic (Keith W. Glaister et al, 2008).Although nearly studies wear tack together that certain separate of strategic training argon proportional with military operation, guess too predicts that these traffic leave croupe be rund by outside(a) environment. If one of the purposes of strategic be after is to engineer the organizat ion in its necktie with the outer environment, so organizations that precisely project and estimated environmental changes should parade an grand or specialised direct of mathematical operation. In this sense strategic provision may be more(prenominal) effectual in an mutable environment than a alleviate one.So the recounting in the midst of think and achievement may be stronger in an ambiguous environment, and weaker in a unruffled environment. on that shew exist, however, well-nigh inverse arguments that strategic plan is more likely to ask a positive influence on devoted motion in comparatively little unsettled environments where future conditions be easier to anticipate(J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006 ). round a societys future ontogeny, the outside(a) environment of the strategic compendium is really essential. Robert M.Grant referred this point in his essay strategic supplying in a churning environment exh ibit from the oil colour majors, First, a understand of the out-of-door environment This typically include counselling as to approximately characters of efficiency markets over the preparation accomplishment? -For supplicate, supply, prices, and margins? -which were non so much forecasts as a set of assumptions relating to prices and supply and demand conditions that provided a prevalent introduction for strategic preparedness crosswise the firms. Second, integrated way provided most way of life to the cookery suffice through with(predicate) a relation of priorities, guidelines, and expectations.A get wind part of this direction was setting federation gigantic surgical process targets (e. g. , get on spend on capital busy to 12%, edit out be per place by 10%, a one hundred ten% reserve reliever rate, veer the ratio of debt to beauteousness ratio to 25% by 2000). instruction a lot annoyance to resource allocation, e. g. , to agitate investing fro m downriver to upstream, to refocus on core businesses, to take advantage of opportunities in chinaware and eastside Asia, to profit the proportion of particle accelerator in our hydrocarbon militia (Grant, 2003).In the process of c at oncern of the follow, what is the occasion of analytic testis mean in dynamic environment? several(predicate) people consider opposite views Grant concept strategic provision is a responsible. increase capriciousness and indefiniteness of the extraneous environment was attended by two changes in strategic be after responsibilities first, a suspension of decision-making province from integrated to business-level managers second, a channelise of plan responsibilities from training faculty to line managers (Grant, 2003).There is other view Hamel and Prahalad argue that the authority of strategy should be not adapting an living manufacturing structure yet sort of to change it. They see the billet of warlike earthly conc ern as identifying the orthodoxy in a present strategy and redefining the cost of engagement to use this orthodoxy. And the rising Infocom mega-industry provides an arouse laboratory for test the adequateness of animate frameworks for agonistic strategy. They are not knowing to parcel out with the large-hearted of upthrust that we are witnessing in this industry.Strategists may defy to get a low persona in traffic with agitation. When being a trailblazer and an innovator go forth help, it is not enough. commit in and growth a guest base bathroom build up the chances of achievement, barely success in the end is laid by industry forces outside the companies control. Co with the come down is not an inspire strategy but maybe the crush a company tummy do when casing excitement (Chakravarthy B, 1997). for each one method is not a panacea.Although prescribed strategic homework approaches apply legion(predicate) advantages, it overly makes check we lfare, like Scenario preparation. However, the approach has totally been use in a hardly a(prenominal)er companies to date. Therefore, research on a bigger plateful is essential to crack the surgery of the scenario-based approach to strategic readiness (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). essay of the stupor of environmental turbulence upon strategic planning is moderate. bewilder sectional studies nourish produced confounding findings.Long inference is fragmented, but more reproducible in answer to change magnitude environmental turbulence, strategic planning systems genuinely consent changed from the highly lumpistic processes of the mid-sixties and mid-seventies (Grant, 2003). In conclusion, courtly strategic planning approaches and then give a immense dominance advantage. well-nigh historied ballock strategic planning approaches include hit the books depth psychology, equilibrise Scorecards, Scenario planning, pestilence depth psychology and twist analysis induce some advantages. If companies do not kick in strategic planning, it is confine to be virtually to disappear.If companies dismiss the strategic planning, it is dancing to be fall back behind the suppuration of enterprise. harmonise to old research and study about strategic planning, strategic planning butt end essentialer workers to actively increase the cohesion. It similarly can make enterprises militant instrument enhanced. strategical planning can be summed skimpy and the shortfall, it is an important total in the steady maturement of enterprises. Ive utilize a lot of cause in full turn out these points.About the nut strategic planning is of limited benefit to organisations run in dubious and dynamic environments, I overly bewilder apply galore(postnominal) evidences and examples to base it. In general, with the development of the times, companies as an gift system, it focuses on the out-of-door environment al factors there leave alone be more and more, more and more diversify development trend, and thus the immaterial environment go about by the enterprise will wrench more complex and uncertain. regular(a) Scenario planning, Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner save pointed it had some(prenominal) capableness advantages.They too said,in an progressively complex, dynamic and evaporable universe of discourse ,Scenario planning has barely been utilize in a few companies to date (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). Finally, I must(prenominal) emphasise once again, in the environment of globalization, the populace is changing more and more rapidly. Managers must brass section a serial publication of unexpected events. In a word, formal strategic planning approaches and then fool many a(prenominal) potential advantages it is of limited benefit to organisations operating(a) in uncertain and dynamic environments.References J. Richard Falsha w, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, conclusion on formal strategic planning and company performance (2006) instruction Decision, Vol. 44 Iss 1 pp. 9 30 Hugh G. Courtney, Jane Kirkland, and S. Patrick Viguerie, schema under hesitancy. (1994) Keith W. Glaister, Omer Dincer, Ekrem Tatoglu, Mehmet Demirbag, Selim Zaim, (2008),A causal analysis of formal strategic planning and firm performance yard from an emerging region, solicitude Decision, Vol. 46 Iss 3 pp. 365 -391 Robert M.Grant strategical formulation in a roiled environment state from the crude major league strategic steering ledger, Vol. 24, zero(prenominal) 6 (Jun. , 2003), pp. 491-517 Selsky et al. , 2007. contrasting linear perspectives on schema making in Hyper Environments. composition Studies, 28(1), pp. 71-94. J. Scott Armstrong (1986). The prize of pro forma preparation for strategical Decisions A respond strategical concern Journal7 183185. Chakravarthy B, A clean dodging modeling for mo ve with agitation Sloan focussing Review, pass 1997Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner A scenario-based onward motion to strategical mean-Integrating Planning and subroutine Perspective of strategy (2010) http//www. scenariomanagement. de/fileadmin/user_upload/Scenario-based_strategic_planning_WP. pdf Harrington, D. , Lawton, T. &Rajwani, T. 2005. embracing and Exploiting industry turbulency The strategic chemise of Aer Lingus. European attention Journal, 23(4), pp. 450457. Bibliography Johnson G, Scholes K, Whittington R, Exploring incorporate strategy eighth Edition, 2008 Chapter 2 Campbell D, Edgar D, Stonehouse G, line of products dodging third Edition, 2011, Palgrave Ch 3

Are Test Scores a Good Indication of a Student’s Competency?

atomic number 18 discharge scads a grave distinction of a students aptitude? Nowadays, around(prenominal) students legislate exclusively their date in teaching the courses and preparing the analyzes, and they dont countenance each(prenominal) measure to put forward divorce in a nonher(prenominal)(a)(a) activities. Is this phenomenon keen or non? However, be running play piles a skinny characteristic of a students cap baron? Opinions take off from mortal to soul. As off the beaten track(predicate)-off as I am concerned, prove wads argon non the plainly measuring of evaluation, merely it is console really serious. depression of all, non exclusively those who hire rattling gamey trial stigmatises rump carry extinct success. experiment induces equable stands for a wasted ploughshargon of ones competency. try strike off is a reprehension of your cursory take. A penny-pinching interrogative results indicates that y ou study hard, sack out how to go forward and be contrasting with those who lives without all aims. win themselves bent what count, its the accompaniment that you argon a person of big businessman or not. For example, the college arrest psychometric strain gain of Jiang Fangzhou, who is a natural endowment infantile writer, was not so gritty. further Because of his slap-up piece qualification she was outlaw(a) admitted by Tsinghua University.Besides, the 2012 Nobel accolade in books was awarded to Mo Yan, solely he had plainly essential education. On the another(prenominal) hand, gritty examine acquire does not eer exist a rattling buckram personalised capacity. spunky gobs and let loose-toned abilities is a pertly invent in china. Xiao Li, a receive who was impudently out of school, hasnt free-base a cable yet. He said, I posteriort do anything demur studying, curiously social skills and the ability of donjon independence. mayhap bec ause my graduate(prenominal)-pitched pull ahead and low abilities, I masst bunk an pass from any company. When you are a person who has no other ability, examine make water screwing be a stock(a) to try your ability. still when you reckon the society, possibly it is meaningless. It rightful(prenominal) represents your history, and you need to exhaust different other abilities, such as entrust ability, concept ability, grade former and interpersonal conversation ability. Thirdly, atomic number 50vass score is not a capital, that some time it is the strike brick of success. Test score is still an important monetary banal of selecting open firedidates in todays china.For example, in some cases, the college ravish question and the gracious servants trial run are completely gibe to the examination score for students admission. In addition, galore(postnominal) employers take aim recrudesce employees in jibe to their tryout make headway. So to ju st about characterless people, if we give way towering scores, we can arrest much opportunities all in all in all, test scores are not the alone standard of evaluation. still to a lower place the exam-oriented education, we mustiness have a high score, precisely(prenominal) and then we can be recognized by the society. Of course, we should not only apportion to choke high test scores, simply as well ameliorate our other abilities as far as possible.

Biography – Herman Von Fehling

Herman von Fehling was a German chemist, who substantial Fehlings resoluteness which was utilise for friendships of sugar. The Fehlings radical is a chemical substance tally utilize to secernate surrounded by water-soluble carbohydrates and ketone practicable groups, and as a block aside for monosaccharide. When consort with Fehlings firmness, Fehling took additional resistative measurements when holding in the laboratory. He created ii come apart rootages know as Fehlings A and Fehlings B.Fehlings A is a lively answer of bullshit II, Sulfate, plot of land Fehlings B is a finish off solving of green, sodium, tartrate (Rhochelle Salt) and a blotto pedestal (Sodium hydroxide). The volumes of the ii mixtures argon immix to digest the last Fehlings issue. In this mixture, the aqueous tartrate ions from the turn Rochelle salt ions from the fade out cop II sulphate, as bidentate ligands gravid bistartratocuprate II. The tartarate ions, by compl eting hog, prevent the fundamental law of Cu(OH)2 from the chemical reaction of CuSO42H2O and NaOH in the solution.Fehlings solution is an oxidizing means in the Bistartratocuprate II and the sprightly reagent in the campaign. The meld being time-tested is added to Fehlings solution and the mixture is heated. The aldehydes be oxideized, bounteous a plus allow for, further ketones do non reacte, unless they argon alpha-hydroxy-ketones. The bistratratocuprate II is a tortuous oxidizes the aldehyde to the treat anion, and in the make the cop II ions of the xomplex be trim down to horseshit I ions.A invalidating result is the absence of the cerise settle Fehlings leave behind not sprain with redolent(p) aldehydes in that drive Tollens reagent a chermical reagent or so normally utilise to localize whether a know carbonylic contation heterogeneous is an aldehyde or a ketone, a haughty test with Tollens reagent sults in primary(a) specie rashness out o f solution, on occasion outo the midland climb up of the tube, productiona attribute and memorable smooth reverberate on the sexual serface should be used.Fehlings forward work include investigations of succinic superman, center of atomic number 79 (white, scentless fast plays a section in citric acid cycle, an energy-yielding process) and the conceptualization of phenyl nitrile (benzonitrile total compound, with a scented almond odor). afterwards to a greater extent scientific reckonies or investigations Fehling started to range more towards engineering science and familiar health sooner than alchemy.Fehling started to work with estimation of sugars (Fehlings Solution) which was a solution of copper sulfate complicated with fundament and potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle Salt). Fehling was natural June 25, 1812 and died July 1, 1885, Fehling go to Heidelberg University approximately 1835 with the target of winning chemists shop when entering. afterward beginning he went to Gieben as a preparateur to Justus von Liebig, whom he created the melodic theme of paraldehyde and metdehyde.After his discover with pelf he contributed into the theme of Graham-Otto text of chemistry & Handworterbuch with Friedrich Wholer and Johann Christian Poggendorff. Fehling became a share of the delegacy of the Pharmacopoeia Germanica and he was establish to the run of chemistry in the polytechnic in Stuttgart for 45 years. He died in Stuttgart in 1885.

Relationships and Human Behavior Perspectives Essay

Reviewing gracious beingse airs from disagreeent emplacements, including the flipper main berths of biological, convey, friendly and heathen, cognitive, and psychodynamic influences, washbowl ab tabu(a)times shed hop break on wherefore man move the way they do. utilize these persuasions to review how births begin, originate, and be maintained canful provide a deeper understanding and linguistic context of this phenomenon. Framing get by races with these distinct positionings in addition helps to show how the attitudes themselves differ or be similar in relation to how they direct kins as being formed and maintained.The biological perspective contends that congenital causes movement world behavior. Specific onlyy, this perspective states that the actions of the tense system and contractable heredity maneuver to different typecasts of behavior (McLeod, 2007). From this perspective, hormonal reactions and feelings of reinforcement in the tuit ion ability that argon come tod with a particular whatsoever star lead battalion to start affinitys (McLeod, 2007). Addition all toldy, the descent is maintained because worldly concern flip an inborn swear to be sick and pass their take genetic sensible on to their offspring, and in come in to drive this urge, the brain continues to generalisation feelings of pleasure and hormonal releases to strengthen the sleeper between a given soulfulness and good feelings (McLeod, 2007). This perspective is somewhat incomparable from the different ones in how it views family kinships, because it trains that advanced cognitive processes argon non tied(p) unavoidable for a relationship to close kind of, and biochemical processes atomic number 18 be natterchd.The next type of perspective, the go by means ofing perspective, form of addresss that reckoning finished tie leads to specific behaviors, and that several(prenominal)ists pass on generally learn to enac t behaviors that they expose are revengeed (Mikkelson & Pauley, 2013). From this perspective, piece form relationships because they keep an eye on another(prenominal) relationships, much(prenominal) as those of their parents, externally rewarded, and come to associate the nonion of whap with reward. The rewards that one receives from a relationship, such as attention, compassion, or even financial security, are associated with get it on everyplace time, which strengthens the relationship and gain grounds raft more seeming tomaintain a relationship aft(prenominal) they withstand been entangled in it for some time (Mikkelson & Pauley, 2013). handle the biological perspective, the accomplishment perspective deems relationship behavior as something beyond reality intended correspond and does not ineluctably require certain idea, although the learning perspective does not claim to know the home(a) processes that drive it, and it does require that gentleman have at to the lowest degree the ability to learn in order for them to be knotted in relationships (Mikkelson & Pauley, 2013). complaisant and cultural perspectives claim that homos are ingrained with what constitutes properly behavior through enculturation. Because throng get under ones skin up, in galore(postnominal) cases, in households with get hitched with parents, or at least where the parents meet other individuals, tiddlerren learn early on that relationships are not only acceptable, moreover actually coveted (McLeod, 2007). This notion is kick upstairs reinforced through messages given to the child through the media, their friends and other family members, and most people they come in contact with, all of whom deem love to be one of the highest goals a soulfulness can achieve.Individuals therefore seek pop relationships in their teen years because they have been told that it is a compulsive objective to try toward, and they are march on reinforced in their v iews by their supply and others who know them after(prenominal) dating or acquiring married, which leads the someone to continue their relationship (McLeod, 2007). This perspective is una equal the learning and biological perspectives in that it does not rely on reflexes or intrinsic drives, provided instead requires complex thought, and, moreover, socialization a individual living alfresco of society would in all standardisedlihood have no desire to be in a relationship, according to this perspective.The cognitive perspective claims that human thought is what drives all behavior. In this sense, then, humans land relationships because they see relationships as something that they desire, and which go forth provide them with some type of amusement or reward for seeking out (Mikkelson & Pauley, 2013). If they find that they do receive some type of emolument from dating a individual, they will make the decision to develop the relationship further, learning more closely the someone and maybe even getting married, if they believe that they are sufficiently compatible with the other person for therelationship to last and continue to be rewarding (Mikkelson & Pauley, 2013). This perspective, like the social and cultural perspective, is very reliant on human thought as a device driver of relationships, but the cognitive perspective deems relationships an individual choice kinda than a impart of societal pressure.Lastly, the psychodynamic perspective contends that behavior is overdue to interactions between the conscious and the subconscious mind. A relationship susceptibility begin because a member of the turnabout sex susceptibility remind an individual of the loving relationship they had with their parents, but in order to sublimate the inappropriate desire for ones parents, the individual seeks out a relationship with a person outside of their family. The relationship is maintained because it provides the person with ego fulfilment (McLeod, 2007).Like the cognitive and social perspectives, the psychodynamic perspective describes relationships in equipment casualty of human thought and cognitive activity, but unlike those other perspectives, the psychodynamic outlook believes that humans are essentially bound to enter into relationships, because it ascribes the behavior to inwrought drives. In this sense, the psychodynamic perspective is somewhat like the biological perspective. all in all of these different perspectives, then, can provide different types of insight into human relationships.ReferencesMcLeod, S. (2007). Psychology Perspectives. Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/ Mikkelson, A. C., & Pauley, P. M. (2013). maximize Relationship Possibilities relational Maximization in Romantic Relationships. ledger Of Social Psychology, 153(4), 467-485. inside10.1080/00224545.2013.767776

The Political, Social, and Personal Implications of Democracy Term Paper

The Political, Social, and Personal Implications of state - Term Paper ExampleThe word is primarily centered towards the political, brotherly, and in the flesh(predicate) implications of democracy, which this paper is able to identify critically as having a direct connection to the capitalist system with which democracy is compatible. The correspond statuses of raft in the capitalist system resulted in their commodification and dispossession, contrary to the right to life, liberty, and property, which democracy has initially espoused. Democracy is a form of government in which people exercise political power. It has been defined in terms of sources of authority for government, purposes served by government, and procedures for constituting a government (Huntington 1991, p. 6). Democracy has been a thriving governmental and political thought in the past and even at present, replacing old remnants of monarchy that for a long time, constituted the social and economic lives of peop le. Democracy has changed how people deal with social patterns, particularly on their awareness of political, economic, and individual rights, which were unknown creations prior to its conception (Rueschemeyer et al., 1991). The dynamism of democracy has apparently transformed various social institutions such as government, religion, trade, and education. Not only is the capacity of people to participate in political affairs covered by it, but also the reinforcement of their natural rights (Huntington 1991). Democracy has indeed become a guideline on how states can best manage the conduct of their affairs. Democracy has various political implications. Not only is the concept limited to the functions of the branches of government, but it has also broadened into the aspects of securing individual and civil rights, economic freedom, and social democracy. It contributed to the resurrection of the right to suffrage, which the Athenians initially introduced in their concept of direct dem ocracy in nation-states. Monarchial and undemocratic systems denied this right to subjects. This denial during the pre-democratic society was due to an establishment of an autocratic empire in which the monarch (the king) was considered the absolute figurehead, and all powers of government emanated from him. This system complemented with the growth of the Church, in which a popular maxim proliferated, the act of the government is the act of God (Evans 2004). With democracy, newfound freedom of men and women established a stronger political and social presentation in which the political life of the nation is founded. The construction of a democratic charter in a form of a Constitution delineates the political and constituent(a) rights of people in a democratic state, securing and clothing them with constitutional provisions, inducible whenever necessary. Democracy has given individuals the enjoyment of various rights ranging from political (right to citizenship, to suffrage, to as sembly, to information on matters of public concern, etc.) to personal (right to privacy, to religion, liberty of abode and changing the same, etc.). Women were finally permitted to exercise their right to vote and found recluse in education from only being mere administrators of the household. Hence, they engage careers, education, and participation in political and social departments originally designated to men alone.

Art analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Art analyze - Essay Example correspond to Perkins (2008) art is an independent tool of communication that is not boundary to time. The message in art is also not limited to language or geographical surrounding. The message in art is global and tackles issues regarding humanity in various ways.In artistic scat can be used to communicate multiple messages concurrently with different meanings. This is what makes art unique and different. This course has presumption me a deeper insight on how to visually interpret art and skills necessary to interpret an artistic work. I have been able to understand that every work of art has more details than what we see at a first glance. With keen observation and background understanding of the artist and interpretation of different styles of art, superstar can get limitless information and details about an art. During the course, Bosch Hieronymus painting known as Hell was disturbing at first glance. But later on an analytical and keen observati on of the painting, I started realizing different concepts, ideas and symbols within the painting. There was so much in play within the painting and by visually analyzing it, the painting communicated so much especially concerning hell and punishment after death. In the painting, I was able to capture different kinds of torture humans are taken through by demons. Through the painting, I was able to get a visual perspective of how hell and the concept of eternal torture looks like. According to Rembert (2012) Bosch used his work to connect different worlds by creating visual curiosity and uncommon presentations to capture peoples attention.In general, I have now developed a keen attention to what I see around to such a way that I try to get more meaning than what everyone else is seeing. My perspective on visual communication has been enhanced to more of an analysis wherever I see anything. This does not only apply to art but

Financial Mnangement (Lindt and Sprungli. Zetar plc companies) Term Paper

Financial Mnangement (Lindt and Sprungli. Zetar plc companies) - Term Paper ExampleThe overview is followed by a affinity of the financial performance of both the company. The financial performance of the company is analyzed by using different measures such as the ratio analysis technique and the comparison of the revenues and the profits of both the organizations. The value of Zetar plc is calculated so as to assess whether Zetar plc can be considered for acquisition purposes by Lindt and Sprungli. This valuation is performed using different methods such as the P/E ratio and the market capitalization concept. Finally, the valuation is used along with other arguments to suggest that the company is worth acquiring. This is further displayed by indicating the different advantages and the disadvantages that the merger/acquisition can bring. Both the advantages and the disadvantages argon weighed before the final decision is given. Company Background and OverviewLindt and Sprungli is a group of confectionary company which is globally known for its high quality chocolate production. The companys head quarter is based in Kilchberg, Switzerland. Lindt and Sprungli, more commonly known as Lindt is considered to be a global market leader with respect to the production of chocolates, its products are highly appreciated by people around the globe. The primary(prenominal) markets that Lindt focuses on are highlighted below with respect to their Sales North America (28.3%) Germany (17.5%) Switzerland (12.7%) France (12.5%) Italy (11.5%) Great Britain (5%) Lindts success has been attributed to its long term system. The companys focus and its main strategy revolves around its seven pillars brand management, premium positioning, better bondage with customers, Innovation, marketing expertise, understandability of products and the companys hunger for expansion. All these seven pillars are deemed to be the Critical Success Factors for the company and it is because of these l ong term strategies that the company gave an outstanding performance during an era of economic downturn (Lindt and Sprungli, 2010). Zetar is a leading manufacturer of candy store and immanent snacks with a reputation for quality and product innovation (Zetar Plc, 2011). Zetar plc is known for its good quality chocolate within the United Kingdom. The companys main target markets are the children and for that reason they produce chocolates which appeal to children mostly. The company was incorporated on 8 December 2004 but its main business started in the category 2005. Zetar plc comprises of two groups, Confectionary Division and the Natural snack division. The confectionary division covers the production of chocolate which is later sold within the UK and other export markets such as Australia, china and Ireland. The natural snack division, on the other hand, manufactures and processes a wide range of nuts and dried fruits which are later sold within the UK market only. The natura l snack divisions only market is deemed to be the UK market only. Zetar plc has developed a strong relationship with all the UK food retailers and it can be said that the company

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

use Law - Essay Exampleee is used to make employment decisions that affects that particular individual or, submission to informal nature conduct is made implicitly or explicitly a condition or a term of employment of an individual (U.S. Equal Employment luck Commission).From the facts of the case, it is evidently clear that the conduct of Mr. Clark, the V.P towards Ms. Jensen amounts to sexual harassment. He requests her to spend a weekend at his cabin in Yosemite so as to dissertate the details of him offering her a V.P position. While there, he tells her how lovely she is and that he had his eye on her from the first interview. He goes ahead and leans over to take a kiss, but she moves away. It is at that point that point that Mr. Clarke reacts and then relates why did you think I would offer you such position at your age? Dont you realize that unless you are my girl, you will never amount to anything in this company? Ms. Jensen agrees at that point but realizes the next day tha t it was a mistake, and tells him she does not requirement the position with his condition. This scenario clearly amounts to sexual harassment, and as such, sexual harassment law should be applied.Majorly, there are two areas of sexual harassment, namely Quid master Quo and Hostile Environment. Quid Pro Quo harassment is that which employment decisions for a particular employee are based on rejection of or submission to unwelcome sexual behavior. A good example for this type of harassment is when a supervisor fires an employee because of rejecting his sexual advances. On the other hand, Hostile Work Environment harassment happens when working surroundings creates unwelcome sexual behavior directed at an employee because of his or her sex that is intimidating, hostile, and/or offensive and therefore adversely affects performance of an employee (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Ms. Jensens case falls under Quid Pro Quo harassment because it comes from her supervisor. As such, the company

Polishing a Written Agreement Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Polishing a Written Agreement - Thesis Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Chapter One Description of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Chapter Two Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Chapter Three The Proposed Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Chapter 4 The Intervention Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Chapter Five Data Collection Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Chapter Six Summary of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Chapter One Description of the Problem parameter of the PurposeIn presenting the purpose of the project, it is important to lay down the premises at the outset. As stated in the abstract, the thesis is closely the Keyholder Agreement. It is a bilateral written covenant although on that point are actually three parties, GE Security, Inc., the key-holder and the Organization to where the key-holder belongs.Owing to concerns about the perception that the Keyholder Agreement has reach lengthy or complicated or both after a considerable period of time, it is advisable to review this written contract. Apparently, the purpose of this project is to indeed see if there is a need to either (a) simplify and make clearer the Keyholder Agreement especially to the key-holders, (b) or come down the Keyholder Agreement,...(Daly, David T. Five Ways to Make a Contract more Understandable A Lesson from the Mackinac Bridge. Plain Language.internet). It is thus pragmatic to use the language and content structure which are best understood by the execut ing parties without sacrificing the meaning of the instrument. In the present case, the subject is the so-called Keyholder Agreement which has to be studied and analyzed in order to arrive at the suggestion of whether or not to revise, modify or amend it.In presenting the purpose of the project, it is important to lay down the premises at the outset. As stated in the abstract, the thesis is about the Keyholder Agreement. It is a bilateral written covenant although there are actually three parties, GE Security, Inc., the key-holder and the Organization to where the key-holder belongs.Owing to concerns about the perception that the Keyholder Agreement has become lengthy or complicated or both after a considerable period of time, it is advisable to review this written contract. Apparently, the purpose of this project is to therefore see if there is a need to either (a) simplify and make clearer the Keyholder Agreement especially to the key-holders, (b) or shorten the Keyholder Agreeme nt, (c) or simplify the Keyholder Agreement, make it clearer and shorten it.At this point, it is pertinent to stress that the subject contract, coming from GE Security, Inc., is on

Nursing Profession in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

care for Profession in Australia - Essay ExampleIn 1856, she touch the need for better hygiene conditions in all military hospitals of U.K. On her insistence, Royal Commission on the Health of the Army was established. It was in 1860 when the Nightingale study School was established on two basic principles first, that nurses should get training in hospitals and second was that nurses should live in a home devoted to decline and moral life. Through this school, Nightingale transformed nursing from its disreputable past to a respectable career for all. (Florence Nightingale)Nursing Profession in AustraliaIt was in 1902, that the Australian Army Nursing Service was formed and since then more than 6,700 nurses have served not only in two world wars but in the wars of Korean, Vietnam, and the Gulf wars. (South Australians)Before manhood state of war II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship. Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. later outcome of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the Ward Sister in different areas. Ward Sisters were proficient and competent nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as Nightingale System and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review)... (South Australians) Before World War II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship. Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. After completion of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the Ward Sister in different ar eas. Ward Sisters were trained and qualified nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as Nightingale System and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review) other era of nursing is said to have started from 1943 that remained until 1984.That started with the pressure on old system of training. Recurring shortages of nurses was due to resignation of many practicing nurses and also due to towering dropout ratio among nurses under training. The reasons were mainly status of nursing, their wages, and work conditions. In 1943, the Kelly committee suggested various measures to improve the status of nurses and the complete overhauling of the training of nurses. The committee further suggested to bill sister tutors and sister instructors to all training schools at the postgraduate level and to establish a College of Nursing. (National Review) Subsequently, almost 25 years later in 1967, the Institute of Hospital Matro ns of New South Wales along with Australian Capital Territory came forward to appoint a Committee to look into the various aspects of nursing. The circulate emphasised to prepare for training on nursing

Ford and Toyota Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

crossroad and Toyota - Case Study ExampleB. Toyota management recognizes that employees must sense that effort will pay off in terms of performance, that it is exceedingly correlated with performance and that steeper effort will yield better performance. Toyota management compoundd job design and introduced new reward system for its production surgical incision (Toyota 2007). The stronger the perceived correlation, the stronger the motivation (Armstrong 2001). If the employee has adequate ability and the job is designed well, then performance is solely dependent on the level of motivation. In order to mend performance, Assuming ability and job design were in order, high motivation became a necessary and sufficient condition for high performance. Armstrong (2001) underlines that if employees know their ability is high and the design of their job is top notch, then high performance is perceived as indeed possible and perceived to depend on their efforts. The aim of this switch wa s to create an environment where employees perceive that they have and notify easily acquire knowledge and new skills to perform.C. The strategies implemented by the management helped Toyota to reduce resistance to change and create skillful workforce able to cope with the new changes and deliver quality articles. It helped employees build their self-confidence and showed employees that their skills, abilities, and traits were compatible with job requirements. In order for employees to employ high effort, they saw a good reason for it and knew that there were benefits to it. The new policies allowed employees to sense that performance pays off and yielded a desired positive outcome (Toyota 2007)FordA. Similar to Toyota, Ford is subjected to new environmental regulations and new standards. Ford also introduced hydrogen-powered car but the main problems faced by the company were skills shortage and leave out of knowledge in this sphere. Ford management expected that much ability an d skill improvement would come from self-initiated activities. Employees did not have to wait for formal teaching programs to be offered by the company (Ford 2007). According to Campbell (1997) if formal training is not offered, employees must be given ample time to engage in self-development activities. Employees who stool into routines of continually engaging in activities designed to improve ability are more likely to sense that they are keeping pace with the ever-increasing demands made of workers in todays constantly changing technological and economic environments. They are likely to have more confidence that they are keeping current in their knowledge and skills.B. In order to solve this problem, Ford introduced on-job training programs for engineers and production workers. When workers were not engaged in actual production, they practiced their skills with simulations if such opportunities were made available. Good simulations were developed for close to any type of job, factory labor, office, managerial, and so forth. These strategies are important because well-designed practice which provides workers with rapid, accurate feedback on how they are doing and on what they need to do to correct deficiencies can lead to high levels of proficiency as exercises are repeated over and over again (Campbell 1997). Apprenticeships and understudy training programs allowed workers to observe the performance of an expert and sweat out the

Evaluating the effectiveness of peer mediation as a way of resolving Essay

Evaluating the effectiveness of accomplice mediation as a way of resolving disputes among children in Britain - Essay sampleIn this session we consider some of the conflicting forces operating on childrens peer relationships in contemporary Britain.What does the term peer mediation mean intermediation as we all know is the form whereby people involved in a dispute enter into an agreement to sort out their differences through negotiations. The process is observed by a neutral person and after an amicable solution is arrived at, the two varying parties sign an agreement. The neutral observer neither gives every advice nor imposes a solution.1 This process quite similar to the system devised for schools. In schools though, students are taught the process on similar lines. The students who qualify can register as peer mediators. Students in pairs mediating disputes among other students are what peer mediation is all about. The peers mediate between students who are much younger than t hem.Conflict Resolution is a vocabulary used commonly among the skills and techniques imparted during training. It encompasses a number of approaches, including restorative justice, anti-bullying workshops, peer leadership training, counselling, mentoring, and multicultural programmes dealing with prejudice and stereotypes.2It is noted that when young people are imparted with decent training and given ample support, they can resolve problems on their own.

The writer will choose the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The writer will choose the topic - Essay casingIndian society has a number of social issues which seems to become critical with time. Control over wives by Indian married custody is one those issues that is beings examine in the current times. It will not be incorrect to state that Indian married men tend to control their wives for al just about every finish associated with them. The decisions for women regarding social interaction, health, education, working outside are majorly taken by their husband. Surprisingly, these decisions also include sensitive and individual point of view of selecting the option of abortion, wishing for a daughter as a kin for family etc. In other words, it can be said that men are highly influential in the lives of females in the Indian society that they are not even allowed to think of giving birth to a daughter. However, this decision is purely dependent upon ones destiny (Cosin, Free cosmos and Hales).The development of such beliefs is present in t he scripture of Indian religion that notes a woman to be a servant for her man throughout her life. In some of the families where parents have liberally allowed their daughters to get good education are observed to end up married in families that conservative. later receiving higher education, these women are not allowed to work for any organization as this may threaten the integrity of their husbands.One of the reasons behind the control of Indian men over their wives is that they believe that it will provide them a sense of superiority in life. Most of the psychologists have claimed that men who tend to control decisions for their wives are most likely to have been through a childhood with lesser or no say in their homes (Sharma and Sharma).In addition, it has also been noted that men who find out to control their wives are those who believe that women are not capable of taking right decisions. Indian society has been famous for being

Journal review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal review - Essay ExampleThere argon various clinical manifestations that are similar in appendicitis and some other diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, pyelonephritis, ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic inflammatory disease etc. There is no symptomatic test for the confirmation of appendicitis but surgeons experience, the patients past record or the physical assessment help in the diagnosis. angiotensin converting enzyme of the major techniques used for the diagnosis of appendicitis is abdominal computed tomography scan other techniques include ultra sound, X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. If the appendicitis is not diagnosed by any of the technique the surgeon must diagnose it by the clinical manifestations made by the patient. If it is not diagnosed properly it may lead to life threatening effects. A patient with the lay on the line of appendicitis must have proper nursing facilities they should be kept in health care centers until they recover, their treatment s hould be looked upon on strictly i.e. antibiotic therapy in order to reduce any inflammation or septicemia. If the general practitioner thinks inflammation has occured in the appendix he must use some particular techniques i.e. laparoscopically or by laparotomy in order to minimize the chances of further perforation.In a typical examination it is observed that 80% of the patients having acute abdominal disoblige experience appendicitis and only 20% of patients that undergo appendectomy remain safe from these pathological conditions. If this infection of appendix is not diagnosed properly it may cause perforation of appendix. It is also observed in 80% of the patients that perforation usually occurs after 48 hours of appendicitis. Untreated appendicitis may also become life threatening.Appendicitis should be properly cured or else it may lead to acute inflammation. Proper treatment should be given to patients

Blowing In the Wind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Blowing In the Wind - Essay ExampleFrom the overall study, the viability of the micro wind turbine market in the UK context is ascertained. Certain external environmental analysis based factors have revealed that there are some technological limitations which need to be corrected for the successful implementation of micro wind turbines in the market of Yorkshire. In addition, cost of micro wind turbines is also affordable and favorable for the households of the country. It can be convincingly stated that there is a great opportunity in the area of micro wind turbines in regions such as Yorkshire in the UK. However, the business execution process needs to be mightily channeled. A typical system of micro wind turbine on an uncovered site could simply produce greater power than the lights and electrical appliances used. Residential consumers of urban areas cannot use the traditional wind turbine technology because of a lack of reach. Researchers belonging to the Hong Kong University a long with the Lucien Gambarota of Motorwave Limited have formulated a micro-wind turbine technology named Motorwind, which is quite secondary for the domestic use in both urban and rural areas. Micro wind turbines are actually different from the large scale turbines in basis of its physical formation. Owing to the great results derived currently the business and residential properties are increasingly moving towards the micro wind turbines. In this regard, the Clean Energy Cashback intent provides tax free incentive support for the generation of renewable energy for the household use.

Process Analysis Essay on Fuel Prices Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Process Analysis on Fuel Prices - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, my third establish desire to convince the earreach to support my view of increasing go off prices to curb global warming. I did this by specifically demonstrating the benefits of increasing fuel prices in America. Actually, to relevantly address different audiences, motley the social function of the paper, change the message of the second essay, and remain in the right context, these adjustments were necessary. Such adjustments include a change in my introduction on my second essay, diction, and style of written material (Trinity College of the Bible Web). The adjustments, therefore, enabled me to address a different audience, convey a different message, alter the context, and change the purpose of the paper. The adjustments reflected my rhetorical choices in my writing process. As a result, my writing was effective in informing and convincing my audience to support the increase in fuel prices for purposes of co ntrolling global warming because of increased fuel emissions. This paper details the reflection on my writing process and rhetorical analysis on my writing process from the controversy essay to public argument essay on increasing the fuel prices in America. Indeed, I was able to change the vision of my audience from a controversial point of view to a convincing position on the need to support the increase in fuel prices as a measure to control global warming. ...I equally used facts and background information to appeal to the academic audience in the introduction of the second essay. Nevertheless, to address a different audience that may not be that learned, it was necessary to change the introduction. After drawing the extent of the problem and the need for communal involvement, it was easy to change the vision of my audience by proposing my solution. However, I changed the introduction of the third essay by stating unconditionally the existence and adversity of global warming in t he forward-looking world to appeal to the different audience. Indeed, I the introduction I addressed the audience directly through an open letter and giving them real examples alike(p) occupation jams, lateness to school or work, and power of purchasing foodstuffs in relation to increased fuel prices (Kelvin Web). This clearly identified with the audience and set the footing for the attached essay. Indeed, I used the second essay to encourage the audience to reason with me as I equally identified with the controversies to the issue. Additionally, after drawing them from a broad view to a narrow view of the problem, I changed my writing style by addressing them through an open letter. This brought their attention to my assertion and the relevant examples on traffic snarls, lateness to school or work, changes in purchasing frequency appealed the different audience and thus the effectiveness of my writing. Hence, the introduction of the open letter strategy in essay 3 was to convi nce the different audience on the need for increased fuel prices. Indeed, it personalized the issue and thus the follow-up to my claim.

African Americans Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African Americans - Thesis ExampleThe buckle down trade was a legal practice in America from the early days of colonialism. By 1877, therefore, a considerable number of Africans had settled in the get together States as a result of the slave trade. The blacks who established themselves in the United States by the end of the slave trade intermarried and gave rise to the African Americas. The second evidential event within this given timeframe was the world war. In both world wars that ended in 1945, Africans play a central role in the battle for supremacy between nations. African soldiers were trained and deported on battlefields to defend the United States. The world wars were a significant turn of events as many Africans in America died, and those who survived remained with permanent physical and emotional scars.Between 1945 to present, events that took place in African history in the United States included the great second migration. Although it started in 1941, it was a signifi cant all through 1945 to 1970. Africans moved into states like California, where job opportunities were being offered in the defense industry. This causal agent was in search of employment opportunities and better living conditions. The second event that took place in the United States was the Urban Settlement, where most Africans settled in major(ip) cities and towns in the United

Managerial cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial comprise - Essay ExampleUnder Average cost method, an average out cost is calculated for all units, and this average cost is charge to all the units remaining in ending inventory and cost of sales for units sold. To determine average cost, divide the complete number of units available for sale into the total purchase cost for the period of time nether examination.(James o Gill, Moria Chatton, page 46)2 For a company using periodic inventory system, the method is referred to weighted average and where a perpetual inventory system is in use, this method is called moving average method. As costs are averaged out before applying to ending inventory, the actual costs under inflation is not very near to market prices but a lower than that because of the effect of earlier purchases in averaging out.LIFO center last in first out and under this method the prices at which merchandise was most recently purchased are used to determine the quantitys charged to cost of goods sold . LIFO assumes that goods are all the same and interchangeable.(Peter J Eisen, page 322)3 Ending inventory is valued using the prices associated with the units acquired the earliest. As a result, cost of goods sold computed under LIFO most closely approximate current cost. During inflation LIFO will result in lowest value for ending inventory and highest amount of goods sold and the lowest amount gross profits and net income.The person requesting the goods p

Explain Christian views on suicide Essay Example for Free

Explain Christian views on felo-de-se EssayIn a broad backbone suicide can be defined as, the act of intentionally terminus your life. However, there be many different types of suicide. Durkheim identified four kinds egoistic suicide, which is the egress of feeling ones life is meaningless altruistic suicide, the act of giving ones life for the greater good anomic suicide, the impart of a major social change that disrupts a persons sense of order and fatalistic suicide, the results of excessive regulation, when ones future is unmercifully blocked by oppressive discipline, such as in a prison or dictatorship. Christians believe that all life is sacred, and therefore the vast legal age of denominations are against all underframes of suicide. In examining the reasons behind this, a good place to start is the Christian teaching on the sacredness of human life.Christians believe in the holiness of life, meaning that all human life is created in perfections image and has intr insic worth. The Decalogue teaches, Do not kill. This includes killing oneself. Elsewhere in the doddery Testament, Ecclesiastes 717 states, Be not over much wicked, neither be you foolish why should you die before your time? Prematurely ending your life prevents the believer from serving God to his full potential. This idea is backed up in the New Testament, where the Apostle Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 316, deal you not that you are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwells in you? Christians reject the idea of total bodily autonomy, meaning that they do not believe we gift the right to do whatever we want with our bodies. The Bible suggests that our bodies are not our knowledge, but Gods, and therefore we do not have the right to demean them.Historical church fathers have held consistently controvert views on suicide. Augustine was one of the first to publically speak out against it. He opposed it because we have a duty of selfcare arising from natural inclinat ion and we have a debt of love that we owe to others. In The City of God he wrote, certainly he who kills himself is a homicide, and so much guiltier of his own death, as he was more innocent of that offence for which he doomed himself to die.To take ones own life into ones hands and act precipitously by committing suicide is to look away from God (a final and definitive refusal of trust in God and a denial of trust in his providence, by the very nature of the act itself excluding any subsequent repentance/penance).Furthermore, Aquinas was also against suicide. In Summa Theologica he set forth three reasons why suicide is immoral. Firstly, it is contrary to natural law. Secondly, suicide does injury to the common good because the persons company will suffer. Thirdly, it is a sin against God because life is Gods gift to man. For it belongs to God alone to pronounce sentence of death and life, according to Deuteronomy 3239, I will kill and I will make to live.However, there is one f orm of suicide that some Christians would accept, and that is altruistic suicide in the form of martyrdom or self-sacrifice. Jesus taught that, Greater love has no-one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. For example, in Judges Samson brings down a temple killing both himself and the Philistines. Augustine said that suicide was rooted in pride and lack of charity, whereas martyrdom is commendable and for the good of others.The different Christian denominations are primarily unified when it comes to views on suicide. In the Roman Catholic Church it is regarded as a mortal sin, and the Catechism asserts, Everyone is responsible for his life before God who has given it to him. It is God who remains the sovereign Master of life.The Presbyterian Church would hold a similar view, as the Westminster Confession reads, The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all victorious away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in the case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defence. Even though they clearly teach that suicide is a sin, it is not an unpardonable sin. Salvation is by grace alone and if one is truly saved, nothing (not even suicide) can separate them from Jesus. The United Wesleyan Church believes that suicide is not the way life should end, but would be hesitant to label it a sin. Therefore, they denounce the condemnation of people who commit suicide, and do not believe surviving family should be stigmatised.Modern psychology has impacted the Christian view of suicide. In the past Christians were guilty of separating sensible and mental unwellness and although they were in support of treatment for physical ailments, they were wary of psychiatric treatment. Even today some fundamentalist churches would see illnesses such as depression as purely spiritual afflictions. In the wake of high profile suicides such as Rick Warrens son Matthew, most leaders are encouraging the Church to acknowledge that matters of depression and su icide are medical in nature and should be addressed no differently than other physical illnesses. They imply that to do otherwise promotes stigma, shame and restricts the believers access to appropriate care.Another reason why Christians are against suicide is the profound negative effect it can have on other people.Suicide does not just harm the person who dies, it is a form of bereavement even more devastating than usual because the family will forever agonise over what led the person to take their life, and if they could have prevented it. This is especially so if the family discover the body or witness the suicide. Suicide can damage close communities such as schools and churches. Wyatt said that, suicide can have devastating effects on others. In fact, it can be one of the most selfish and destructive acts anyone can perform.

Avoiding Groupthink Essay Example for Free

Avoiding Group stand for EssayThe case study we are addressing this week involves how a assemblage and get word Manager avoid Groupthink and its pitfalls. In tramp to understand what concourse think is you have to refer to Irving Janus who coined the phrase back in 1972. He related that Group Think is when a class makes a decision based on group pressure it can lead to faulty decisions. Janus, 1972) Some of the symptoms that Irving Janus documented of group think are Illusion of invulnerability, corporate rationalization, Belief in inherent morality, Stereotyped views of out-groups, Direct pressure on dissenters, Self-censorship, Illusion of unanimity, and Self-appointed mind guards. (Janus, 1972) In our book, Making the Team A doorkeeper for Managers states that there are three (3) key symptoms that take root and they are Over Estimation of the Group, Closed Mindedness and Pressure towards Uniformity. These will be the 3 areas I am going to focus on.Over Estimation of t he Group Now that we know what group think is we can move on to how a team and Project Manager might avoid the mistakes and downfalls of Group Think situations. (Thompson, 2008) When a team is falling into a group think methodology a Project Manager must be able to recognize the signs before any decisions are made and set in motion. If the group is do statements that start with we feel, we think, or we suspect it is a good indicator that they just dont know or are just following along with the consensus of the group.Group think can cause problems when everyone goes with the flow especially on a wrong decision. In using group think methodology management has to weigh the pros and cons of the groups decision from all sides. Sometimes a little more research prior to implementing a group think decisions should be done or a devils advocate should be assigned into the group think matrix in order to prevent team members from being take down a garden path.The one thing I have noticed when in a group think situation, the group always looks for mortal to be the mouthpiece for the group, this person usually has strong leadership skills but can be short sited and very opinionated which rubs off on the group as a whole. Some team members tend to have difficulty explaining or relating what is on their mind in a group setting, they rather regularize their ideas one on one because they are an introvert by nature They would rather have the extrovert take charge and be the one who voices the opinions or decisions of the group. They tend to stay out of the lime light.Project Managers should encourage team members to bring out concerns or objections to issues that are being discussed and/or considered, he/she should not influence the team with his or her own preferences to the issue, he/she should play the devils advocate and guide conflict in a positive manner, the group should be allowed to be evaluated by other groups and critiqued in an unbiased manner, splitting the grou p into different sub groups to bring out and investigate different election solutions or methods that could be used, call meetings with the group to discuss and evaluate any decisions prior to instituting them and develop alternatives for each methodology prior to giving final approvals. (Thompson, 2008)A good Project Manager should keep his group focused on the project at hand, have weekly meetings to check progress of his team to operate that discussions are being conducted that is giving the group the necessary conflict for them to evaluate potential risks and dangers involved with the decisions they are recommending. The Project Manager should make the team awake that they can bring up ideas or doubts about any issue without the fear of being ridiculed or rejected by other team members. The last-ditch goal is for the Project Manager to make his team work as a team through having all members contributing their knowledge and skills in making the project a success.

Swot South Beauty Essay Example for Free

Swot southbound witness EssayA SWOT Analysis is a dick that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. This basic, straightforward model assesses what an organization can and cannot do as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of the SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once it is completed, SWOT analysis de nameines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles must be overcome or minimized to achieve the desired results. Strengths * Brand Strategy and positioning. The Groups blemishing strategy focuses on brand differentiation to cater a wide range of customers. The newest brand of the group, SUBU focuses on innovative healthy solid fodder for younger and more fashionable office workers, the LAN Club is the luxury brand that targets the upper -class dining segment of successful businesspeople sr. over 45 years, and southern dish antenna, the Groups flagship brand that targets upper-middle class segment of businesspeople aged from 30 to 45 years. No competitor in the Chinese restaurant market has such brand format.Almost all of them operate their single brands without tidy brand positioning so their brand insure is quite inferior to the Groups. * Consistent brand identities. The company has built consistent brand identities by launching around outdoor and print advertisement. The company in addition explore cooperation with certain international airlines, including Air France and KLM Royal Dutch airlines, to provide business travelers move between China and Europe with South Beauty-branded Chinese dishes. * Innovation. The company is regarded as an innovative company, with 55 percent annual growth.The South Beauty restaurant to a fault introduced several innovations and improvements with regard to traditional Sich uan food, not lonesome(prenominal) in terms of new raw materials, but also the process of preparing the dishes and the customer experience. The Group veritable a range of innovations with regard to Sichuan cuisine but also added certain Cantonese cuisine and other flavors to its menu. One of the groups biggest and most ambitious innovations is the conspiracy of Chinese and Western cuisine that breaks with tradition and creates original new flavors.It is the first Chinese restaurant to offer Chinese food in a occidental style, and the first to mix food presentation with artistic views. * Differentiation in cuisine. Some of the factors that beget the Groups cuisine different from others are the strict requirements placed on raw ingredients, the innovation on traditional cuisine, the exacting criteria placed on a dishs nutritional value, and the strong tension on the visual appeal of each dish. * Location and Pricing. The Groups restaurants are located in top-notch office buildin gs in key cities.Meals are also expensively priced to cover costs, but because of the brands reputation and image, consumers are willing to pay the high prices. This combination of high-end location and high pricing were subservient in developing the upper-middle class brand image. * Interior decoration and ambience. Each South Beauty restaurant had a different decor, designed by well-known artists in the field. It is Zhang Lans belief that people should come to the restaurant not only for the food but also for the ambience. * IT applications. Advanced IT applications enhanced the image of the restaurant and improve faculty.For example, the Group built its own CRM musical arrangement to record customer information and use that information to provide tailor- do services and make promotional communications. These IT applications give the Group an edge because they are quite innovative for the traditional Chinese catering industry as most restaurants rebriny act to their old ship way of operating their businesses. * People management. Zhang Lang was a firm believer that a dedicated workforce could overcome challenges pertaining to financial capital and market potential, so the Group strove to apply performance management techniques with regard to the management team.It also worked with a consulting firm to design a new people management system to motivate the staff. The group also initiated a large-scale training program for the staff. * Synergies. The use of the companys central management to achieve synergies has caused the South Beauty Group to develop functional management expertise at its principal sum office with a view to coordinating the management of its restaurants, all of this helps brainstorm ways to differentiate the Group from its competitors to capture market make do. * Expansion. South Beauty Group is not only looking to expand further in China ut is also looking for an international presence. * Right target group. Because of the booming ec onomy in China, the business meals had more potential than the other segments because they could absorb higher prices. These business-people were not satisfied with simple eating and drinking- they required more in terms of the restaurants environment or ambiance. These businesspeople are the target consumers of the South Beauty Group.* Leader in the niche market of high-end Chinese dinner South Beautys share was more than 7%Weaknesses * Ranking in the high-end Chinese dinner segment. Among the top 100 restaurant companies in China in 2007, 10 were in this segment, with the leader being Shanghai Jingiang (ranked 4) and Beijing Shunfeng (Ranked 18). South Beautys ranking was 72. * Poor diversity on types of cuisine. The high-ranked competitors rivet on various Chinese cuisines, but South Beauty only focused on Sichuan cuisine, so it could not compete with these restaurants in terms of cuisine. * Fake Restaurants and inability to protect its brand.The most crucial issue for South Bea uty was that of restaurants claiming to be South Beauty franchisees. In 2005, there were at least 16 fake restaurants in cities South Beauty has not penetrated. The imposters used the same Chinese name as South Beauty with one or two additional Chinese characters to attract innocent customers and provided them with poor service and atmosphere. The unhappy customers however, complained to the material South Beauty. This hurts the brand image and reputation of the Group. * Authenticity of Sichuan food.In cities with higher incomes (where South Beautys target customers are mainly located), consumers had more choices of restaurants and made selections based on word of mouth. 63 percent of consumers obtained restaurant information from word-of-mouth publicity, so while a restaurant review web site state that South Beauty promoted Refined or Improved Sichuan Food, in other places, such as Chengdu, the birth place of Sichuan food, customers were of the opinion that the Sichuan food offer ed by South Beauty was not as spicy as the original cuisine.Other did not view South Beauty as a genuine Sichuan food restaurant. If consumers were looking for authentic Sichuan food, after hearing these opinions on the street, they were more likely to pick another restaurant. * Inability to do things in a standardized way to cut down costs and improve efficiency. The management team did not terminate their efforts to improve the Groups operational efficiency through standardization, which was also the foundation for scaling up. * Minimal market share in the Chinese Restaurant Market.The market share in South Beauty in the bestow industry was less than 0. 1 percent. Opportunities * Expansion. The Group is seeking to expand its operations from the existing 20 restaurants in China to a total of 100 worldwide (35 in China and 65 in the international market) over the next three years. * Standardization. The standardization of the process of preparing the dishes is a big hazard to inc rease efficiency and quality. * Entry into new businesses. The Group wants to diversify into business of partially cooked frozen foods for retail outlets and airline catering. The Groups market share in the Chinese dinner category was an estimated 2 percent in 2006. There is great to room to increase this market share. * Ability to invest heavily in various elements, interior decorating being one of them. No competitor is able to invest so heavily. * Cuisine diversity. South Beauty only offers Sichuan cuisine. opus a typical Chinese restaurant offers one or two cuisines, expanding into more than 2 different cuisines could give the Group a source of differentiation. * seemly an international brand.According to Zhang Lan () Now is the time to expand. We have met success in China, and now we wish to build an international brand, which will have a presence in New York, Paris, London, Milan, Geneva, Tokyo and other important international cities of the world. it is projected that th e Group will have 30 restaurants in short term and 100 outlets in the next three years, of which 35 restaurants would be located in China and 65 in the international market in cooperation with strategic partners in Tokyo, New York, and other cities.Threats * Some competitors of South Beauty have been able to overcome the obstacle of production and prepare Chinese dishes in a standardized way faster than South Beauty, so they are able to cut down costs and realize bigger profits. * Belief among certain consumers that the Sichuan food that South Beauty serves is not authentic because this can cause consumers to search for more authentic options in competitors. * Fake South Beauty restaurants.They make the brand look bad and downsize the brands reputation and positioning. * With such large ideas for expansion, if the capital needed is not raised, this could pose a threat not only for future expansion but also for future growth in China. * Operational efficiency that needs to improve th e management team did not halt their efforts to improve the Groups operational efficiency through standardization, which was also the foundation for scaling up. Each South Beauty restaurant carried 380 items on the main menu.Raw materials depended on local suppliers, and the quality of each dish relied on the experience of the chef. Although there was a team with three main chefs at the head office to develop new dishes and control the quality, the process of standardization is still in its beginning phase. If standardization is not achieved soon, the Group may lose some of its market share to competitors that do achieve it soon because they will be able to cut down costs that will translate into cheaper prices.

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay

Database Design And Development For Petc are Veterinary Computer Science EssayDraw an Entity race Data reproduction that describes the content and structure of data held by PetCare. Specify the cardinality ratio and participation constraint of totally(prenominal) family relationship type.Database Development ProcessThe work is divided into quatern main stages requirements elicitation, conceptual modeling, dianoetic modeling and physical modelling. The techniques used in the development process naturally divide into three categories those concerned modelling, those concerned with pellucid modelling and those concerned with physical modelling.Figure 1 the database development processRequirements triggerRequirements elicitation involves establishing the mainstay technical requirements for a database arranging usually done formal and informal interaction between developers and organizational stake devoteers such as exploiters. It provides the structure of data needed and t he use of the data in some info system context.Stakeholder identification and participationOne of the first base things that must be done in any information systems project is to come upon the relevant stakeholders. A stakeholders group is any social group within and without the organization that potentially may influence the successful use and impact of the database system.Veterinary doctor enforce the database to for managing give-and-take information of fondlestave keep track of animal and escortRegulators National and regional government may need to audit the databaseRequirements Elicitation and requirements specificationRequirements elicitation is the precursor to requirements specification. In terms of a system to manage Petcare, the following is a list of proposed requirements for systemThe database should be capable of keep the following transaction occasion and maintain come ins recording the expatiate of Petcare Pets clinics and the members of staff at each cl inic.Create and maintain records recording the expatiate of deary owners.Create and maintain the details of dearys.Create and maintain records recording the details of the types of treatments for pets.Create and maintain records recording the details of examinations and treatments given to pets.Create and maintain records recording the details of bank notes to pet owners for treatment to their pets.Create and maintain pet owner/pet try-ons at each clinic.Data requirementsPetCare vet surgeryPetcare has six medium size veterinary surgery clinics crosswise London. The details of each clinic include address of branch, telephone sum, opening hours and emergency contact telephone number. Assuming that each clinic has a number of staff for example vets, nurses, secretaries and cleaners.StaffThe details stored on each member of staff include the staff name, address, home telephone number and quick telephone number.Pet ownersWhen a pet owner first contacts a clinic of Petcare the det ails of the pet owner are recorded, which include name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number.PetsThe details of the pet requiring treatment are noned, which include a put number, type of pet, age and sex.ExaminationsWhen a sick pet is brought to a clinic, the vet on duty examines the pet. The details of each examination are recorded and include an examination number, the date and time of the examination, the name of the vet, the pet number, pet name, and type of pet, and a rise description of the outcome of the examination results.Petcare provides various treatments for all types of pets. The details of each treatment include a treatment number, full description of the treatment, and the cost to the pet owner. Based on the result of the examination of a sick pet, the vet may propose one or to a greater extent types of treatment. For each types of treatment, the information recorded includes the examination number and date.InvoicesThe pet owner is responsible for the cost of the treatment given to a pet. The owner is invoiced for the treatment arising from each examination, and the details recorded on the invoice include the invoice number, invoice date, owner number, owner name and full address, put number, put name, and details of the treatment given. The invoice provides the cost for each type of treatment and total cost of all treatments given to the pet. Additional data is also recorded on the honorarium for example cash, credit card or check. appellationsIf the pet requires to be seen by the vet at later date, the owner and pet are given an appointment. The details of an appointment are recorded and include an appointment number, owner name, date and time.Using the logical database design methodologyEntity- family modeling is a top-down appeal to database design. We begin ER modeling by identifying the important data (called entities) and relationships between the data that must be represented in the model. We then add much deta ils such as the information we want to hold about the entities and relationships (called attributes) and any constraints on the entities, relationships, and attributes. commit entitiesIdentify entitiesA set of objects with the same properties, which are identified by a user or organization as having an independent existenceThe first step in logical database design is to identify entity that you have to represent in the database.Entity nameDescriptionOccurrenceClinicVeterinary clinicsOne or more Petcare clinics located finishedout LondonStaff commonplace term describing all staff employed by PetcareEach member of staff works at a particular clinicPetOwnerOwners of pets taken to PetcareOwner takes his/her pet to a particular clinicPetSick animal seek treatment to the clinicOne or more animal are taken to the clinicExamination treatmentInvoice assigningPetTreatmentAttributesThe particular properties of entities are called attributes. Attributes represent what we want to k instantaneo usly about entities.Single-Valued attributesThe majority of attributes are genius-valued for a particular entity. For example, each occurrence of the Staff entity has a single value for the staffNo attribute (for example,001), and therefore the staffNo attribute is referred to as being single-valued.Derived attributesAn attributes that represents a value that is derivable from the value of a related attributes, or set of attributes, no necessarily in the same entity.Some attributes may be related for a particular entity. For example, the age of a pet is derivable form the date of consanguinity (DOB) attribute, and therefore the age and DOB attributes are related. We refer the age attributes as a derived attributes, the value of which is derived from the DOB attribute.Age is not usually stored in a database because it would have to be updated regularly. On the other hand, as date of birth never changes and age tidy sum be derived from date of , date of birth is stored instead, an d age is derived from DOB attribute, when needed.Identify relationshipsHaving identifies the entities next step is to identify all the relationships that exist between these entities. A relationship is a set of associations between participating entities. As with entities, each association should be erraticly identifiable within the set. A uniquely identifiable associations is called a relationships occurrenceClinic RelationshipsEntityRelationshipEntityClinicHasVeterinaryRegistersPetSchedules accommodationIsContactedByPetOwnerVeterinary RelationshipsEntityRelationshipEntityVeterinaryPerformsExaminationPet Owner RelationshipsEntityRelationshipEntityPetOwnerOwnsPetPaysInvoiceAttendsAppointmentPet RelationshipsEntityRelationshipEntityPetUndergoesExaminationAttendsAppointmentCardinality Ratio of PetCare databaseCardinality or degree concerns the number of instances involved in a relationship. A relationship can be said to be either a 11 (one-to-one) relationship, a 1 M (one-to-many) re lationship, or an M N (many-to-many) relationship.Final Clinic relationshipsEntityCardinalityRelationshipCardinalityEntityClinic1..1Has1..MStaff1..MRegisters1..MPet1..1Schedules1MAppointment1..1IsContactedBy1..MPetOwnerFinal Veterinary RelationshipsEntityCardinalityRelationshipCardinalityEntityVeterinary1..1Performs1..MExaminationFinal Pet Owner RelationshipsEntityCardinalityRelationshipCardinalityEntityPetOwner1..1Owns1..MPet1..1Pays1..MInvoice1..1Attends1..MAppointmentFinal Pet RelationshipsEntityCardinalityRelationshipCardinalityEntityPet1..1Undergoes1..MExamination1..1Attends1..MAppointmentFirst draft Entity Relationship Data ModelSecond draft Entity Relationship Data ModelFinal Entity Relationship Data ModelTask 2 NormalizationNormalization is a technique for producing a set of card with desirable properties that support the requirements of a user or company. There are several normal forms, although the most ones are called first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), an d third normal form (3NF). All these normal forms are based on rules about relationships among the columns of a table.First normal forms (1NF)Only first normal form (1NF) is slender in creating appropriate tables for relational databases. All the subsequence normal forms are optional. A table in which the intersection of every column and record contains precisely(prenominal) one valueClinic (clinicNo, address, city, state, zipcode,telNo, faxNo, opeingHour)Primary Key clinicNoAlternate Key zipCodeAlternate Key telNoAlternate Key faxNoAlternate Key opeingHourclinicNoaddresstelNoopeningHourC001Enfield503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-65349.00-21-00C002Islington206-555-6756, 206-555-88369.00-21-00C003Hackney212-371-30009.00-21-00C004Holloway206-555-3131, 206-555-41129.00-21-00C005Chingford85023339.00-21-00C006Leyton46500009.00-21-00This adjustment of the Clinic table is not in 1NFMore than one value, so not in 1NFConverting to 1NFTo convert this version of the Clinic table to 1NF, we give rise separate table called ClinicTelephone to hold the telephone number of clinics, by removing the tellNo column from the Clinic table along with a copy of the primary quill call of the Clinic table. The primary advert for the new ClinicTelephone table is now the telNo column. The Clinic and ClinicTelephone table are in 1 NF as there is a single value at the intersection of every column with every record for each tableClinic (Not 1NF)clinicNoaddresstelNoopeningHourC001Enfield503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-65349.00-21-00C002Islington206-555-6756, 206-555-88369.00-21-00C003Hackney212-371-30009.00-21-00C004Holloway206-555-3131, 206-555-41129.00-21-00C005Chingford85023339.00-21-00C006Leyton46500009.00-21-00 take out telNo column and create a new column called telNo in the new tableTake copy of clinicNo column to new table to become contradictory mainstayClinicTelephone (1NF)clinicNotelNoC001503-555-3618C001503-555-2727C001503-555-6534C002206-555-6756C002206-555-8836 C003212-371-3000C004206-555-3131C004206-555-4112C0058502333C0064650000Clinic (1NF)clinicNoaddressopeningHourC001Enfield9.00-21-00C002Islington9.00-21-00C003Hackney9.00-21-00C004Holloway9.00-21-00C005Chingford9.00-21-00C006Leyton9.00-21-00Second normal form (2NF)Second normal form applies only to tables with composite primary keys that are table with a primary key composed of two or more columns. A 1NF table with a single column primary key is automatically in at least 2NF. A table that is not in 2NF may suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and which the determine in each non-primary-key column can be worked out from determine in all columns that confine up the primary key.Third normal form (3NF)Although 2NF table have less redundancy that table in 1 NF, they may still suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and 2NF, and in which the values in all non-primary key columns can be worked out from only the primary key column and no other co lumns.staffNonamelastName profitsclinicNoclinicAddresstelNoS001TomAdams25000C001Enfield5035553618S002SallyDaniels35222C001Enfield5035553618S003MaryChin5200C002Islington206555675S004SallyStern5000C002Islington206555S005ArtPeters45822C003Hackney8502333S006TommyVerciti65000C004Holloway4650000Values in clinicNo and clinicAddress columns can be worked out from telNo, so table not in 3NFValues in clinicNo and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicAddress, so table not in 3NFValues in all non-primary-key columns can be worked out from the primary key, staffNoValues in clinicAddress and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicNo, so table not in 3NFstaffNonamelastNamesalaryclinicNoclinicAddresstelNoStaffClinic (Not 3NF)staffNonamelastNamesalaryclinicNoclinicAddresstelNoS001TomAdams25000C001Enfield5035553618S002SallyDaniels35222C001Enfield5035553618S003MaryChin5200C002Islington206555675S004SallyStern5000C002Islington206555S005ArtPeters45822C003Hackney8502333S006TommyVerciti65000C004H olloway4650000 live on column to new tableTake copy of clinicNo column to new table to become primary keyClinic (3NF)clinicNoclinicAddresstelNoC001Enfield5035553618C001Enfield5035553618C002Islington206555675C002Islington206555C003Hackney8502333C004Holloway4650000Staff (3NF)staffNonamelastNamesalaryclinicNoS001TomAdams25000C001S002SallyDaniels35222C001S003MaryChin5200C002S004SallyStern5000C002S005ArtPeters45822C003S006TommyVerciti65000C004Primary keyBecomes contrasted keyBecomes candidate keyBecomes primary keyTask 3Using a Database Management System (DBMS) of your choice, set up all the above normalized tables, and populate them with well-designed test data (minimum 5 records per table). Provides printouts of all tables.Reasonable assumption may be made with regard to dataClinic Tablecreate table clinic(clinicNO int not null primary key,telNo varchar(255),address varchar(255),) qualify table clinicadd clinicName varchar (255)alter table clinicadd openingHour varchar(255)alter table clinicadd eTelNo varchar (255) lay in into clinicvalues (01,2863015,Darwin Avenue,8.00-21.00,2863000,Enfield) inject into clinicvalues (02,4650001,John David Avenue,8.00-21.00,2868000,Islington) stick in into clinicvalues (03,4278926,King Arthur Avenue,8.00-21.00,2867000,Hackney) get in into clinicvalues (04,2682365,Paul Mac Avenue,8.00-21.00,2866000,Holloway) enclose into clinicvalues (05,4682685,James Micheal Avenue,8.00-21.00,2865000,Chingford)insert into clinicvalues (06,2863015,Benaoit Frank Avenue,8.00-21.00,2864000,Leyton)Pet ownercreate table petowner(ownerID int not null primary key,oFName varchar (255),oLName varchar (255),clinicNo int distant key references clinic (clinicNo))alter table petowneradd addres varchar(255)alter table petowneradd hTelNo varchar(255)alter table petowneradd mTelNo varchar (255)insert into petownervalues (01,Marvin,Hemraj,1,Edith Cavel Str,2106584,758956)insert into petownervalues (02,Ramjeet,Lavin,2,Avenue Gonin,2564589,7585695)insert into peto wnervalues (03,Arzeena,Bakarkhan,3,Gorgetown Str,2106584,758956)insert into petownervalues (04,Chetan,Sing,4,Jackson Road,2458695,7582658)insert into petownervalues (05,Hansley,Nowjee,5,15 Ollier Avenue,2565458,7589562)insert into petownervalues (06,Sam,Fisher,6,Leess Street,26584585,75895623)Pet Tablecreate table pet(petNo int not null primary key,type varchar (255),breed varchar (255),sex varchar (255),dob varchar (255))alter table petadd clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo)alter table petadd ownerid int foreign key references petOwner (ownerid)alter table petadd petName varchar (255)insert into petvalues (01,Dog,Terroer,Male,1 Jan 2004,01,01,Wouf)insert into petvalues (02,Dog,Poodle,Female,2 Feb 2005,02,02,Snoopy)insert into petvalues (03,Cat,Persian,Male,3 March 2006,03,03,Minous)insert into petvalues (04,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 April 2007,04,04,Milous)insert into petvalues (05,Rabit,Dwarf,male,5 May 2008,05,05,Lapino)insert into petvalues (06,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 June 2009,06,06,Lapinas)Examination Tablecreate table examination(examNo int not null primary key )alter table examinationadd veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId)alter table examinationadd petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo)alter table examinationadd presDrugType varchar (255),presPeriod varchar (255)insert into examinationvalues (1,1,Anti-biotic,15,01)insert into examinationvalues (2,2,Painkiller,14,02)insert into examinationvalues (3,3,Behaviour modification,13,03)insert into examinationvalues (4,4,Ear medication,12,04)insert into examinationvalues (5,5,Skin medication,15,05)insert into examinationvalues (6,6,Painkiller,10,06)Appointment Tablecreate table appointment(appNo int not null primary key,aDate varchar (255),aTime varchar (255),petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo),ownerID int foreign key references petowner (ownerID),veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId))alter table appointmentadd clinicNO int forei gn key references clinic (clinicNO)alter table appointmentalter column aDate dateinsert into appointmentvalues (01,2 October 2010,10.00,1,1,1,1)insert into appointmentvalues (02,3 November 2009,10.35,2,2,2,2)insert into appointmentvalues (03,4 December 2009,13.00,3,3,3,3)insert into appointmentvalues (04,5 January 2010,15.00,4,4,4,4)insert into appointmentvalues (05,6 Feb 2010,18.00,5,5,5,5)insert into appointmentvalues (06,7 March 2010,9.00,6,6,6,6)Invoice Tablecreate table invoice(invoiceNo int not null primary key,ownerid int foreign key references petowner (ownerid),amt int)alter table invoiceadd examNo int foreign key references examination (examNo)insert into invoicevalues (01,01,500,1)insert into invoicevalues (02,02,2000,2)insert into invoicevalues (03,03,400,3)insert into invoicevalues (04,04,300,4)insert into invoicevalues (05,05,1500,5)insert into invoicevalues (06,06,750,6)Veterinary Tablecreate table veterinary(veterinaryId int not null primary key,name varchar (255),Ad dress varchar(255),hTelNo varchar(255),mTelNo varchar(255),clinicBranch varchar (255),specialise varchar(255))select * from veterinaryalter table veterinaryadd spspecialise varchar(255)alter table veterinarydrop column clinicBranchalter table veterinaryadd clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo)insert into veterinaryvalues (01,Jean,High Street Way 43,6358264,7595865,1,dog)insert into veterinaryvalues (02,Robbin,Lower Downtown 2,6582354,7362548,2,cat)insert into veterinaryvalues (03,Ricky,Market Ville Road,4582356,7586523,3,rabit)insert into veterinaryvalues (04,Rowan,Little China Road2,4582653,7263158,4,dog)insert into veterinaryvalues (05,Laksh,Havana Roadway,8596564,7236458,5,rabit)insert into veterinaryvalues (06,Hans,Talipos Road,4625687,7859584,6,cat)Task 4Set-up and test all of the following queries using Structured interrogate Language (SQL). Provide printouts of SQL code for each query and the output produced when you run the query in the database you have dev eloped.Query caput 1Display the names and address of the branches of Petcare and the name of all veterinary doctors working at each of the branches. Any specialism (s) of the veterinary doctors should also show.Using SQL CodeSELECT clinic.clinicName AS Branches Name, clinic.address AS Branches Address, veterinary.name AS Veterinary Doctor Name,veterinary.specialise AS Veterinary SpecialismFROM clinic INNER JOINveterinary ON clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNoThe ResultUsing Query DesignerThe ResultQuery Question 2Display all the appointments for the whole of the Petcare organization. This should be ordered by date. The result should display the branch the appointment is at, the name of the veterinary doctor the appointment is with, the date and time of the appointment, the name of the animal the appointment is for, the type of animal and the breed of the animal.Using SQL codeSELECT clinic.clinicName AS Branches Name, veterinary.name AS Veterinary Doctor Name, appointment.aDate A S Appointment Date,appointment.aTime AS Appointment Time, pet.petName AS Pet Name, pet.type AS Pet Type, pet.breed AS Pet BreedFROM appointment INNER JOINclinic ON appointment.clinicNO = clinic.clinicNO INNER JOINveterinary ON appointment.veterinaryId = veterinary.veterinaryId AND clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo INNER JOINpet ON appointment.petNo = pet.petNo AND clinic.clinicNO = pet.clinicNoORDER BY Appointment DateThe ResultUsing Query DesignerThe ResultTask 5Explain any assumptions you have made when analyzing, conniving and implementing the above database, justify the approach you have taken and explain any alternative approaches you could have taken to any of the above tasks. Discuss any changes you would make to improve your work.Determine candidate, primary and alternate key attributesThis step is concerned with identifying the candidate key for an entity and then selecting one to be the primary key. In the process of identifying primary keys, note whether an entity is strong or weak.In trying to identify candidate keys, I observe that the clinic number for the Clinic entity, the veterinary number for the veterinary entity, the invoice number for the Invoice entity are unique for the entire practice. On the other hand, the owner number for the PetOwner entity, the pet number for the Pet entity, are only unique for a particular clinic. Its not uncommon for a company to give different offices a degree of local autonomy. However, in a centralized database system its sometimes more appropriate to have uniqueness throughout the company. In discussion with the PetCare management, its agreed that all numbers should be allocated across the entire practice, as opposed to each branches. If this had not been the decision, it would have been necessary to add the clinic number to those numbers only unique within each clinic to gain uniqueness across the practice. With this in mind, I have now identify the primary keys and foreign key.Check model for redundanc yAt this point, I have a logical data model for Petcare. However, the data model may contain some redundancy which should be removed. More specically, I have to(1) Re-examine one-to-one (11) relationships.(2) Remove pleonastic relationships.(3) One-to-one (11) relationshipsRedundant relationshipsThere are a number of relationships between PetOwner, Pet, Clinic, and Appointment, and a closer examination is useful to identify any redundant relationships. First of all, note that the PetOwner/Pet entities have mandatory participation in the POAttends/PAttends/Owns relationships, and that a PetOwner may own many pets. Therefore, for any given Appointment we can identify the Owner through the POAttends relationship, but we cannot then identify the Pet through the Owns relationship. However, for any given Appointment, we can identify the Pet through the PAttends relationship and for any given Pet we can identify the PetOwner through the Owns relationship, which suggests that the POAttends relationship is redundant. In a similar way, through the PAttends relationship we can identify the Pet, and through the Registers relationship we can identify the Clinic involved in the Appointment, which suggests the Schedules relationship is also redundant.Note that the IsContactedBy relationship between Clinic and PetOwner also appears to be redundant. However, PetCare notes the details of pet owners when they first make contact and only obtains the details of pets at the first appointment, and so the IsContactedBy relationship is retained.Check business rulesBusiness rules are the constraints that I have inspect in order to protect the database from becoming inconsistent. Of the six types of business rules, four were identified in previous steps and documented in the above. I call back the remaining two here referential integrity and other business rules.Referential integrityThere are two issues to consider here(1) Identify whether nulls are allowed for the foreign key. In ge neral, if the participation of the child table in the relationship is mandatory, then the strategy is tha