Vietnam and its Effects :: essays research papers

When many people think about the 1960s, Vietnam and President John F. Kennedy (JFK) induce to mind, and for a good reason for that period in history changed millions of lives. Faced with the possible spread of communism through Asia, JFK stayed with his word to fight communism, thus the Vietnam bout as we know today was started. In the early 1900s, France conquered Vietnam and made it a protectorate, which is a relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region For about forty years Vietnam had not experienced settled peace, as a result, The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) was formed in 1941, which sought independence from the French. On September 2,1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent from France. The French presidency wanted to reestablish their rule in Vietnam but were beaten at the battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7, 1954. The French Expeditionary Force wanted to veto the Viet Minh from e ntering Laos, they made their attack at Dien Bien Phu. Poor planning on the Frenchs part led to their airway support at Hanoi to be cut-off by the Viet Minh. After fifty-five grueling days of battle, the French surrendered. Ho Chi Minh led the war against France and was victorious. After the war, at the Geneva Conference of 1954, Vietnam was divided into 2 parts along the seventeenth parallel. North Vietnam was mostly Communist and supported Ho Chi Minh, while South Vietnam was anti-communist and supported by the United States and France. in that location were still some Communist rebels remaining within South Vietnam, they were known as the Viet Cong. The ruler at the time of South Vietnam was Ngo Dinh Diem who was anti-Communist. Also at the Geneva Conference of 1954, Laos and Cambodia became independent states. North Vietnam disliked the division of Vietnam, and wished to unify North and South Vietnam. Since the United States feared the spread of communism in Asia, John F. Kenn edy provided armament support and economic relief to South Vietnam to prevent a takeover by North Vietnam. At this point in time, Vietnam is in the midst of a civil war, so the United States was not officially involved. The North Vietnamese opposed the support that the United States was providing to the South Vietnamese, so in retaliation three torpedo boats targeted and fired upon the United States destroyer Maddox on August 2, 1964.

Analysis Of The Ending Of death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

Analysis of the Ending of "Death of a Salesman"The play "Death of a Salesman" shows the final demise of Willy Loman, a sixty-year-old salesman in the America of the 1940s, who has deluded himself every hislife about being a big success in the business world. It also portrays his wifeLinda, who "plays along" nicely with his lies and tells him what he wants tohear, out of compassion. The bulk describes the last day of his life, but there are frequent "flashbacks" in which Willy relives key events of the past, oftenconfusing them with what is happening in the present. His two sons, jab andHappy, who are in their 30s, have become failures like himself. Both of themhave g maven from idolizing their father in their youth to despising him in thepresent.On the last fewer pages of the play, Willy fin anyy decides to take his own life(1 and 2). Not only out of desperation because he just lost his job, withwhich he was hardly earning enough to fix ordinary expenses at the end. He doesit primarily because he thinks that the life insurance payout 3 will allowBiff to come to something 4, so that at least one of the Lomans will fulfillhis unrealistic dream of great wealth and success. But even here in one of hislast moments, while having a communication with a ghost from the past, hecontinues to lie to himself by saying that his funeral will be a big event 2,and that there will be guests from all over his former working territory inattendance. Yet as was to be expected, this is not what happens, none of thepeople he sold to come. Although perhaps this injure foretelling could beattributed to senility, rather than his typical self-deception 5. Maybe hehas forgotten that the "old buyers" have already died of old age. His imagineddialogue partner tells him that Biff will consider the impending act one ofcowardice. This obviously indicates that he himself also thinks that its veryprobable that Biff will hate him even more(prenomina l) for doing it, as the presence of"Ben", a man whom he greatly admires for being a successful businessman, is aproduct of his own mind. But he ignores this acquaintance which he carries inhimself, and goes on with his plan.After this scene, Biff, who has decided to totally sever the ties with hisparents, has an "abprupt conversation" (p.99) with Willy. Linda and Biff are inattendance. He doesnt want to leave with some other fight, he wants to make peace

The Mafia During the 1920s :: Al Capone

Alphonse Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York, January 17, 1899. Al, as most mickle knew him as, was perhaps the most famous of all American mobsters. Growing up in Brooklyn, Al acquired an education in petty crime and the name of Scarface Al because of a razor slash across his face.(Grolier, Capone) Capone later moved to Chicago and survived the large number wars of the 1920s by having his rivals killed. In 1929 Capones gang dreesed as policemen, and executed seven members of the Bugs Morgan gang this was later known as the St. Valentines Day Massacre. By the end of the 1920s he dominated the bootlegging of liquior, which brought him an inncome of more than $20 million a year.(Grolier, Capone) The federal regime finally suceeded in capturing Capone where the Chicago police had failed. Capone was so good at c overing his tracks that the federal authorities could only get him on income-tax evasion. In October 1931, Capone was fined $80,000 and sentanced to 11 years in prision.(Gro lier, Capone) Al Capones life has been portrayed on film several times due to his popularitym as a mobster. When he was released in November 1939 he was terminaly ill with syphillis, and died on his Flordia estate January 25, 1947.St. Valentine MassacreAt 1020 a.m. on Saint Valentines Day in 1929, Chicago was brimming with sunshine. Even the George (Bugs) Moran booze-peddling terminus on North Clark Street was peaceful. This depot was marked as a garage for the S.M.C. Cartage Co. On this morning, six underworld figures presided, waiting for coffee. Another man, article of clothing overalls, tinkered with a beer vat on a truck, completing the total to seven men.Just ten minutes later, the men glanced at each other, alarmed. A extravagant blue car eased into the curb outside the depot. The car produced four men. Two, dressed as police, held sub-machine guns. The other two, shabbily dressed, carried shotguns. All the gangsters raised their hands over their heads. The four visitors marched them to the back of the garage and lined them up against the far wall. They were frisked for weapons.One of the men inquired as to what was happening, and one of the four new men shouted, give it to em From the four guns streamed 100 bullets, of which only eight reached the wall behind the victims. One man tried to escape, but a bullet shot at nearly menstruum blank range ripped through his head.

AN OVERVIEW OF CHILD LABOR AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS :: Essays Papers

AN OVERVIEW OF CHILD LABOR AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSA little girl about seven years old, whos job as scavenger, was to collect incessantly from the factory floor, the flying fragments of cotton that might impede the work... plot the hiss machinery passed oer her, and when this is skillfully done, and the head, bole, and the outstretched limbs carefully glued to the floor, the steady moving, but threatening mass, may pass and repass over the dizzy head and trembling body without touching it. To many of us this paragraph belongs to the past. It is true, this was published in 1864 in England, but for even more people it would come as a wonder that the practice of child diligence exists as we speak. According to Krugman several thousand men, women and children live on Smokey Mountain dump in Manila, enduring the stench, the flies and the cyanogenetic waste in order to make a living combing the garbage for scrap metal and other recyclables. And the Smokey Mountain is very much submi t time story. Child labor is a persistent problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries. According to the latest statistics , Africa and Asia together account for over 90 percent of total child employment. Child labor is especially prevalent in rural areas where the capacity to enforce minimum age requirements for educate and work is lacking. What exactly is child labor? The International Labor Organizations convention 138 specified 15 years as the age preceding(prenominal) which a person may participate in economic activity. Also, another source (Ashagrie, 93) suggest that a child is a laborer if it is economically active, while governments and international organization usually consider a person economically active if the person works on a regular basis. Clearly thither are few different angles to look into this.At this point we can look at the child labor as the reserve army of labor but at the same time we need to take into consideration poverty and economi c weakness that are pushing children into work. The line of morality in regards to this issue is very thin are those children offend off not working and instead starve being dump scavengers or are they better off working for less than a minimum wage? In addition, the economies of third world nations often benefit from the introduction of low-wage manufacturing jobs. Their argument is that these sweatshop jobs can strait their countrys poor a release from malnourishment and poverty.

Why I Give Back to the Community Essay -- Community Service, Service L

We confine a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.- Winston ChurchillI see community service as the key element to my future. I believe that each person should contribute the world a little better than how they found it. Community service has held a huge part of my life already. I currently am precise involved with a program called Candlelighters. Candlelighters is a program that works with cancer patients and their families. As a part of the Candlelighters program I oblige seen many children ache their lives to cancer. Each child has left a mark on my heart, and I am a better person for knowing them. All my life I have wanted to be an attorney. I had my whole life paved out. I knew what I was going to do and how I was going to get there. These children have taught me ...

Deceptive Females of Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

The Deceptive female persons of Homers Odyssey Homers Odyssey is probably the most famous and well-known epic of all time. This tale relates the adventures of the archetypal hero, Odysseus. Odysseus long journey home takes him to many polar places where he encounters many different monsters and creatures, but there are certain recurrent elements throughout. The most common themes in the Odyssey are forgetfulness, willingness to risk pain for pleasure, and informal temptation. When comparing the Sirens episode with Odysseus other adventures, one can observe an emergence and repetition of these themes. The most obvious comparison that can be drawn betwixt the Sirens episode and most other adventures is the theme of forgetfulness. The same idea is repeated in Odysseus adventures with Calypso, Circe, and, most importantly, the Lotus-eaters. The Sirens are all knowing, beautiful creatures that attract men with their songs closely the world, but those who give in and stop to listen can never leave. Fortunately, the Sirens are unable to draw Odysseus in because he has been forewarned by Circe and knows how to resist. but track down wax of honey and with it stop your companions ears, so none can listen. (12.47-48) Once he hears their song, he forgets about his homeland and wants to be set free so that he can listen to their song. fastened me with even more lashings and squeezed me tighter. (12.196) Without... ..., Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey, Ann Arbor 1995. Felson-Rubin, Nancy. Regarding Penelope From Courtship to Poetics, Princeton 1994. Foley, Helene Penelope as Moral Agent, in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side, Oxford 1995., pp. 93-115. Graham, A. J. The Odyssey, History, and Women, Princeton 1992 Griffin, Jasper. Homer on Life and Death, Clarendon Press. 1980. Homer. Odyssey trans E V Rieu, Penguin Books. 1950. Katz, Marilyn Arthur. Penelopes Renown Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey, Princeton 1991. Lefkowitz, Mary. Seduction and Rap e in Greek Myth, 17-37. Schein, Seth. Female Representations and Interpreting the Odyssey, by pp. 17-27.

Angelo’s Pizza

ANGELOS PIZZA ANSWER 1. The expansion of stores and eventu everyy franchising succession focusing on serving only high quality fresh ingredients should include the following three resource management implications (1) BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT abbreviation This implication represents the importance of the companys general and competitive environment. Angelo needs a advanced business strategy. A strategic plan is the companys plan for how it will match its internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats in order to maintain a competitive advantage (Dessler, 2012).Angelos early attempts showed the pitfalls in cannonball along and making assumptions about replicating a viable business unit. Fortunately, Angelo has realized his lack of proper planning and the necessity to correct his errors before attempting to branch out into much stores and possibly franchising. The locations of the proposed new stores are paramount. These locations must be in areas where high quality ingredients are readily available. The supply of fresh ingredients does not meet all the needs for successful stores. The medium that serves the customer pays a vital role. 2) JOB ANALYSIS All businesses want to attract and maintain good people. A gambol analysis is the procedure through which you determine the duties of the positions and the characteristics of the people to hire for them (Dessler, 2012). All of Angelos locations must shed competent employees who are able to provide good customer service. Angelo has to develop a plan that identifies the characteristics and skills that applicants need to possess before he can develop his staff. in one case he knows the type/kind of somebody he needs to recruit for his business, he needs a comprehensive plan for hiring them.A screening process for applicants that include hiring guidelines, previous work experience, and reference and place setting checks would be useful. A logical, structured interview session where the b usiness duties and responsibilities as well as the required job qualifications are explained would be the next step. Once Angelo has job candidates that he is satisfied with, he then has to develop human resource strategies that will ensure their success. (3) TRAINING Angelo should develop a discipline curriculum for both new and existing employees. The implementation of a training program is beneficial for both the company and the employees.Training programs helps each employee to understand their various role/job expectations. Unskilled workers are counterproductive to the work environment. It can jeopardize a business reputation. Angelos newly hired waiter/waitress should be practised on how to correctly take orders and how to serve the customers efficiently. Angelos ideas regarding customer service has to be shared throughout all stores. If sufficient time is devoted with the training program, all employees become an asset for the organization with the increase of their know ledge.After completion of the training, all of Angelos Pizza employees should know where they stand and that their performance can lead to a management position. ANSWER 3. By asking the following questions, I feel Angelo will be able to attain qualified candidates. The questions are based on situational and behavioral judgments. STRUCTURED INTERVIEW FORM Name of Applicant Position applied for Date of the Interview (1) Why did you choose our organization? (2) Employees interact with a wide variety of customers. Sometimes customers may become angry/frustrated.Describe a time when you dealt with a customers who was demanding. Impatient or angry. How did you respond to the customers beseech or demands? What was the outcome of your actions? (3) Sometimes employees must communicate unpleasant information to customers. Describe a time when you had to communicate unfavorable information to a customer. What did you have to tell the customer? What was the outcome? (4) If a customer is dissa tisfied and wants to return a ordered food item/dish, how would you respond? BIBLIOGRAPHY/WORK SITED Dessler, G. (2012). Human option Managemnet, Thirteenth Edition. Pearson.

Maritime Law Final Exam Essay

1.For the past two decades, a number of issues have surfaced on the multinational scene regarding successive ruthless dictatorships which have been committing egregious and widespread violations of international human rights and humanitarian law in over 60 states. In light of the United Nations Charter and the aims of that international body, it has been suggested to the Legal Committee of the International ocean Organization to bring about a new convention addressing human rights and accountability for such crimes committed by states and their regimes. It is expected that states will sign and prove the newly introduced convention to be entitled International Human Rights Convention.You are the government appointed United Nations Representative for the state, Genocidia. The prexy of Genocidia has been recently inaugurated and is not go through in the process of ratification of conventions. In fact, Genocidia had only ratified 4 conventions, these being since you were appointed to your present post. You have received a letter from thePresident of your state requesting that you prepare a detailed presentation on the ratification process and present this at a meeting to be held next week. The other Ministers of State will be in attendance.You are also asked to prepare a written version of your presentation explaining the entire process from the point that the breath is made to the committee to point where the convention comes into force explaining the differences between the steps and what each action signifies, such as signature as opposed to ratification. relieve oneself the written version of your presentation. (15 marks)2.One of the vessels under your management has sailed from South America to the United States. Four days after sailing a stowaway is found hiding in one of the lifeboats. Discuss TEN actions you would instruct the master to take following the discovery of the stowaway. (15 marks)3.In the case of R. v. City of Sault Saint Marie 197840 C an. Crim. Cas. (2d) 353 (S.C.C.), Dickson J. of the Supreme Court of Canada held at scallywag 363 that Public welfare offences lie in a field of conflicting values. It is essential for society to maintain, through effective enforcement, high standards of public health and safety. potential victims of latently pernicious activities have a strong claim to consideration. On the other hand, there is a generally held revulsion against punishment of the morally innocent.Discuss the in a higher place statement using the relevant international laws currently in place to advise on the issues that may arise in relation to the characterization of an offence under national legislation giving effect to the following provision in Regulation 3 of MARPOL73/78, Annex I REGULATION 3 ecumenic ExceptionsRegulations of this Annex shall not apply to(a) any emission necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at ocean or (b) any emission resulting from misuse to a ship or its equipment ( i ) provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the emission for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the emission and (ii) except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result. (15 marks)4.The strait of Polipa, bordered by the State of Andonia, is one of the worlds busiest straits used for international navigation. To get to their angle grounds, distant-water fishing vessels flagged in the State of Bellotia have to pass through the territorial sea and scoop shovel economic zone of Andonia and the archipelagic waters of the Republic of Calcali. Moreover, a neighbour of Andonia, the State of Dordora, which is a landlocked State, transports hazardous waste from its territory to reprocessing plants in the Kingdom of Epitam by ships flagged in the State of Flitona.These ships pass through the exclusive economic zones of Andonia and Calcali. As a result of such intense activity through the strait, pirates have started operating in the region. You should note that Andonia, Bellotia, the Republic of Calcali, and the Kingdom of Epitam are States Parties to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Dordora and Flitona are not Parties to the Convention. Please note that the words ships and vessels are synonymous.Please answer the following questions1.What are the rights and duties of Bellotia to correspond that its fishing vessels can practice freedom of fishing, and their rights of innocent passage and transit passage?2.What are the rights and duties of Andonia, the Republic of Calcali, Dordora, and the Kingdom of Epitam to ensure that the vessels of Flitona can exercise their freedom of navigation, and their rights of archipelagic sea lane passage and transit passage?3.What are the rights and duties of Andonia, the Republic of Calcali and the Kingdom of Epitam to protect them selves from the risks of pollution from thevessels? (15 marks)END OF PAPER

Zaara Fashion House – New Year Promotional Campaign

agencys is an exclusive fashion retail store of Bangladesh. It retails women, men, and kids fashionable app bels. primed(p) in a prime zone of Goulash-l in Dacha, it gives customers freedom of choice regardless of their age, location, taste, season, and fashion persona. Established and inaugurated in August 2009, the retail store KARA Fashions has successfully placed itself among the most celebrated and recognized retail stores of the country. The store produces an exclusive array of harvest-times and outfits.Most of these are designed and manufactured in house, while he residue are exclusively commissioned from the most talented craftsmen and weavers around the world. Its unique design and features symbolize aristocracy, and target the most elite customers of the country. Thus, KARA Fashions compliments a fashionable lifestyle, and always ranks itself one step ahead with the latest styles and designs. Product Offerings KARA Fashions offers different ethnic and aristocratic prod ucts to their high end customers. They usually focus on the classy, gorgeous and ethnic products which will quench the aristocratic thirst of their potential customers.The main products that KARA Fashion offer are- Scares, Salsas Kamikaze, Sherwin, Suit, Shirt, Mens accessories, Kids Wear, Jewelry, Cosmetics, Ladies Footwear, Ladies Bag etc. 2. Mission The mission of Kara Fashions Ltd. Is to forget their customers with exclusive products in order to compliment a trendy lifestyle. Thus they refer it as A House of Exclusive Fashions. 3. Vision Kara Fashions Ltd aims to practice alliance grocery storeing which involves creating, maintaining, and enhancing long-term relationship with their each and every customer. Thus, they believe to stay always one step ahead with the latest styles and designs. . Situation Analysis Todays market is characterized by highly competitive organizations which are all vying for consumers loyalty. Firms are faced with the challenge to maintain their own competitive edge to be able to break down and be successful. Strategies are carefully planned and executed to gain the ultimate goal of all company growth. However, external factors are not the only elements which sour growth. There are also internal factors, components working within the organization which shape the direction of the company. The companys marketing environment influences the business organization straight.This includes the suppliers that deal directly or indirectly to the people within the business organization, the consumers and customers who demand for the products or go offered by the company, and other local stakeholders who influence the decision-making process or alter by the business decisions made by the business firm. As such, the marketing environment of a particular company describes the relationship between firms and the driving forces that project this relationship who are members of a specific industry wherein the relationship is local and the fi rm may exercise a degree of influence.The situation analysis of KARA Fashion House is described according to two types of environment in exists in- 1. little Environment 2. SOOT 3. Macro Environment Situational Analysis Figure 1. 1 The Micro Environment The term micro-environment denotes those elements over which the marketing firm has control or which it can use in order to gain information that will improve help it in its marketing operations. In other words, these are elements that can be manipulated, or used to glean information, in order to provide ladened satisfaction to the companys customers.This is accomplished through the manipulation of the variables over which a company has control in such a way as to optimize this objective. 1. 1. 1 The Four As and the marketing mix The Four As stands for 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place 4. Promotion Product- is the market offering. The products KARA offers are exclusive scares, salsas zamia, branded cosmetics, Jewelry, suits, hand bags, shoes, kids wear and a lot more. All the products offered are of very high quality. Every product is carefully checked before putting into display.Price- in this context price refers to each KARA product costs. Prices of these reduces are set on the basis of product quality, brands as well as market competitiveness. Place- the location of KARA Fashion House is a great avail of it. Goulash is one of the most prime and posh area of Bangladesh. So KARA stands in very close distance of the target market. Promotion- the promotion and campaigns would following parts. 1. 1. Employee be describe De elaborately in the KARA Fashion has a very strong line of effective employees.They are highly dedicated towards works. For better Job enfolding and Job satisfaction KARA pays them with a scale higher(prenominal) than the regular salary scale. Moreover, compensations, bonuses, health insurance, performance appraisals are also given in expectation of higher motivation. KARA has around 50 employ ees working in it. In maintains a great mix of both full time and part time workers whereas 20 are full timers and the rest are part timers. But regardless of everything else KARA ensures they are equally well behaved and helpful towards all the customers.So in a sense, these highly efficient bunches of employees are the greatest resources of KARA Fashion House. 1. 1. 3 Supplier This consists of other business firms or individuals who provide the marketing firm tit raw materials, product constituents, services or, in the case of retailing firms, possibly the finished goods themselves. The buyer/supplier relationship is one of mutual economic interdependence, both parties relying on the other for their commercial-grade well-being.Although both parties are seeking stability and security from their relationship, factors in the supplier environment are subject to change.

Managing Overtime Worked in the Workplace

In the following report, I will be give illustrations and possible solutions for an overburdening worry that exists in the U.S. postal service Operations through give away the country. Overtime is an age-old problem that has g angio tensin-converting enzyme long overdue without any(prenominal)one or a group paying well(p) attention to correcting this problem.The United States postal gain is a large organization with many facets of operations I will be concentrating on what we call the flying field Operation or Area Office. This is where the public make dos into personal contact with the Postal attend either by behavior of the individual letter newsboy ( spotman) or the window clerk who assists with business transacted at the post power.Every community across America has a Post Office. We are one of the most gross employers in the world. The U.S. Postal Service employs approximately 750 thousand diverse people. Many different cultures and nationalities come together to combi ne as an efficient live strength that gets the contrast done. The pay is moderate, so it would be pretty difficult to become independently wealthy working for the Postal Service. But, there are some employees that believe if they work, as much overtime as possible, maybe they can become rich. Unfortunately, this poses a daily obstacle to overcome for most double-deckers in the U.S. Postal Service.The U.S. Postal Service is a production driven outfit therefore everything is based on production verses cost ratio. The average workday for a postal employee is eight arcminutes. It does not take a genius to figure out that the lasting it takes to do the job, the more money is made. So, the employee that desires more money would be motivated to take longer to complete his or her assigned business(s).Historically, the Postal Service has been plagued with managers that were not diligent in doing their jobs with regard to overtime management. Because of this clusters of employees becam e accustomed to a Carte Blanche style of working. Employees were in effect managing the overtime and work production. During my career as a letter carrier, I completed my assigned tasks within my eight- time of day shift working overtime besides when deemed necessary by my manger.When I became a manager, I expected everyone who worked for me to clear the same work ethics that I had. If this was not case, I attempted to force them to work as hard as I did. I later found out that this was not a good management approach. In fact, this was the easiest way to harvest disgruntle employees.Here was my dilemma I was the new young manager who expected an honest days work, for an honest days pay, paired with a staff that had been allowed to do whatever they wanted for the past ten years. The mathematical function of my offshoot management assignment had 90 percent of the employees working an average of 10-16 hours of overtime per week. My performance as a manager as well as well as the pr oduction performance for our office was based on the tot of manpower hours used to deliver the total volume of mail.I will fork up information about the systems put in place that worked as a check and balance format. These systems enabled me to demonstrate to my employees that my requests were not unfair or unreasonable. I will discuss the areas that the employees were able to assist in helping to aleve the unjustified use of overtime. I will also discuss in detail areas that contri preciselyed to the excessive use of overtime that did not involve my employees. With implementation of the new systems, my office has reduced its overtime to 14 percent.While controlling overtime may seem as easy as just making an announcement that no one is allowed to work overtime this is very far from true in the U.S. Postal Service area offices. in that respect are many variables that come into play, the first of which is staffing. In order to do a good job the office must be properly staffed. We have percentage breakdowns that factor in amounts of carrier routes amounts of deliveries per zip code that derives to an employee complement. Each office has a number that satisfies their complement. If for any reason a particular office is operating under their complement that makes the task a more difficult. Any office can be fine one week and short the next, due to retirement, injuries, or details to name a few. If any of the aforementioned were to occur a manager could request replacement for these employees, whether they will be granted or not is another story.Then we have the day-in day-out mystery of who will call in on put pay. Having any of these instances to take place in a given day can barely cripple an operation. If we take a carrier operation anywhere in the world that has 35 city carrier routes and 4 carriers call in sick on a Monday, that manager now has to scramble to get coverage for those four vacant routes. It is not like other organizations where your work can acquire over by one day the mail must be delivered daily without exception. This makes it difficult to get the work done in an eighthour day for the remaining employees. The first thing the manager must do is to telephone four employees who would normally have the day off and ask them to come in and work their day off. Bare in mind that the U.S. Postal Service has something called an Overtime Desired List, a voluntary list of employees who wish to work overtime on assignments.When the manager telephones employees to come in on their day off, he must first call those on the Overtime Desired List. If the manager does not get four employees from the list, he may then exercise the option to call employees not on the Overtime Desired List. The only preference to this situation is to have employees already present complete their assignments and pitch in to help deliver the vacant assignments. The advantage of this situation is that it allows you to minimize your overtime usance for the day. If the manager was able to get four employees from the Overtime Desired List to come he has automatically used 32 hours of overtime for that day. By having employees already present work additional hours, you are able to use far less(prenominal) overtime for that day.This is an area I feel managers need to stress to their bosses so that all efforts are exhausted in hiring more employees for offices to operate under their complement. The earlier mentioned example could have been avoided had that office been properly staffed. A full complemented office would have unassigned employees who would have been given those assignments for the day avoiding the need for overtime. In order to be a successful office you must be fully complemented. When I was finally able to get my office fully complemented my overtime was reduced by 10% 30% as shown in the graph below.The U.S. Postal Service has another formula that we use to gauge an employees production. There is a standard based on demonstrated ability. We can not shit Carrier A to Carrier Bs standards. This formula is for divideing letters and flats (magazines, newspapers, etc.). The formula allows 1 hour to sort 2 feet of letter mail. This is 2 linear feet, 2 linear feet equals 454 pieces of letter mail or 230 pieces of flat mail. So in order to standardize an employee the manager must count out 2 feet of mail, letters or flats, and calculate the amount of time it takes the employee to sort this mail.The average carrier has no problem at all meeting this quota, exactly there are those who attempt to outsmart their managers. If the manager is not focused on them during the sorting period there are those carriers who have the tendency to leave their areas to socialize among their coworkers, or slow sort their mail. The longer it takes a carrier to sort his mail, the longer it takes that carrier to get out of the office on the alley to deliver this mail, making this same carrier late in returning from his a ssignment guaranteeing this carrier overtime for the day. You multiply this by several carriers in one office daily and you come up with an unaccountable amount of overtime usage as a manager. This affects your production numbers for the office as a whole.This where a manager has to jump in and approach the individual carriers immediately. As a manager I that this has happen to, I have approached the individual and asked some very basic questions to make certain that there are no health or personal issues going on with the carrier affecting their productivity. If cypher out of the ordinary exists, I point out that they are not meeting their productivity quota and make certain suggestions to assist them in meeting their quota. There are those times when you are challenged as a manager to verify your findings. When those situations arise, I go out and measure, with the carrier present, the actual number of feet of mail for them to sort and time them sorting this mail. Once you demons trate to your employees that you are only expecting from them what is minimally required, and that you will hold them accountable for just that you run into this type of problem less and less.Another major contributor to overtime usage is the actual mail flow itself. Most days this is not a problem, but when it is a problem it is usually a big problem. In Northern Virginia we have two mail distribution centers, one in Merrifield and one in Dulles. For the Falls church Post Offices, we receive our mail from Merrifield. Each morning we receive 3 dispatches of mail from 600 a.m. to 830 a.m. When these dispatches are on time everything runs smoothly, but when these dispatches are late an office goes from running smoothly to being hectic.One of the main reasons for a delayed dispatch is the mechanical failure of a mail-processing elevator car in Merrifield. In preparing itself for the new millenium, the U.S. Postal Service Distribution Centers are equipped with high-tech automated mail processing machines that do the job of ten employees sorting mail. In the event of a mechanical failure, one of our dispatches can be delayed by 1 2 hours. This 1 2 hour delay is passed along to my operation in 1 2 hours of down time for my carriers while they are waiting for their mail to deliver. That equals approximately 1 2 hours of unforeseen overtime per employee that day. As demonstrated in the graph below this is a large usage of overtime for an entire office when calculated. The combination of mail volume and properly scheduled mail dispatches is critical in minimizing overtime.In closing, I would suggest that as we approach a new millenium the U.S. Postal Service would be better served by doing away with some of the older ways of thinking. The Overtime Desired List should be dismantled. This forces managers to go outside of the employees already present for work as a first solution to a vacant assignment list. To me this encourages overtime usage. I would also suggest for offices receiving mail dispatches late at least 3 times a week to move their scheduled time for mail receipt back and bring their carriers in a slender later to accommodate for the dispatch schedules. For example if an office has consistently been receiving their dispatches an hour late, instead of having the carriers report to work at 630 a.m. they would move the carriers coverage times up to 730 a.m. instead eliminating that hour of downtime per person that they are losing.

Decline in Communal Living in the Pacific

Abstract This essay will discuss the major reasonablenesss for the winnow out in communal alert in the Pacific. Firstly the essay examines stick it aways in regards to social change which argon migration and conflict of interest. Secondly, the essay will discuss concerns from an stinting standpoint where education and employment are considered. Thirdly, the essay will look at cultural identification numbers in regards to Westernization and cultural identity. The essay concludes that the Pacific people quest to realise in order for communal biography to stay alive, these issues must be dealt with.Countries in the Pacific sw altogetherow their own unique way of living. communal living is seen to be the traditional way of life in the Pacific. People are bound together by their culture and tradition. Therefore, this way of life is belatedly declining and being forgotten due to many major reasons. Some of these major reasons for the diminution in communal life within the Pacif ic are probable due to issues such as social change, economic and culture. Firstly one of the issues for the extraction in communal living in the Pacific is social change.Migration is an issue related to social change, people looking for a diverse lifestyle elsewhere plays a major role in the decline in communal life in the Pacific. People want to experience a different way of life from the traditional communal way of living (Stahl & Appleyard, 2007). For example, Cook Islanders that stable reside in a communal way of living, everything from chores to eating and entertainment are done together with the other members of the family or community, but many are pulling away from this way of life because they prefer to do things on their own..Also, to consider is the migration of people from a different culture and tradition into the pacific, who will require an influence on the Pacific islanders who may turn away from the communal lifestyle. An example of this would be foreign worker s migrating into the acres and bringing with them their way of life from their country as swell as their culture in which young people could be influenced by this new lifestyle. Therefore, migration is a major factor in the decline of communal life in the Pacific.Another point to consider is conflict of interest within the family in regards to land or spectral beliefs. Land issues have been a contributing issue to many disputes within the family. Members of the family fighting over the same piece of land have caused hatred and disarray amongst family members. For instance, in Rarotonga when a psyche is given a piece of land to occupy and build a dwelling, they must go to court to obtain an occupation amend. Once the occupation function is granted the occupier has seven years to build their dwelling.Should they fail to erect a building within the timeline set a member of the family have the right to request that the occupation right be cancelled and a new occupation right be gi ven to another family member. Also in coition to conflict of interest are religious beliefs. Families and communities can be set apart because of the difference in religion. For example, Sabbath for a Seventh Day Adventist believer is detect on a Saturday, therefore this is a day of rest and their day at Church, where as Sabbath for the Catholic religion is observed on Sunday.Therefore, issues of land and religious beliefs are a large influence in the decline of communal living. Secondly another issue of importance in regards to the decline of communal living in the Pacific is economic concerns. Education can be seen as a contributing factor to the change in communal living in the Pacific. There are opportunities offered in education, and as people study towards a higher level of education, they have had to move to countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, and America.When they have completed their studies many people take up employment, whether it is within the township or overseas (Veramu, 2000). Therefore, education and employment contribute to the decline in communal living in the Pacific. Furthermore, employment opportunities are also an economic concern in relation to the decline in the communal lifestyle. The development of towns and cities bring some employment opportunities so therefore, a better pay packet and a new lifestyle encourage people to leave the traditional way of life and migrate to greener pastures overseas.An example of this would be, in the Cook Islands the minimum hourly wage is be $5. 00 NZD per hour as a cleaner, compared to $13. 85 NZD per hour working as a cleaner in NZ (Clarke, 2013). Thus, employment is an issue in regards to the loss of this way of living in the Pacific. Thirdly, cultural values are also an issue in respect to the decline of communal life in the Pacific. A related aspect to culture issues is Westernization in which many Pacific Islanders have adopt the lifestyle and culture of western countries.For ins tance, in the Cook Islands if there was a marriage ceremony in a village, everyone in the village would come together and prepare food, and decorate the building where the wedding ceremony would take place as well as the reception, it was an open invitation and everyone in the village(s) would come to celebrate. This no drawn-out occurs as the influence from the west has changed the way people think. Therefore, western culture influence is also responsible for the decline in communal life in the Pacific.Moreover, in relation to culture issues is the loss of cultural identity which many people are experiencing today, therefore this is a concern in the communal decline of life in the Pacific. In the past every person knew how to speak the language of their country, also knowing the protocols of their villages, and genealogy the majority of people today have forgotten or have not been taught by their parents. For example, from the age a child is able to understand and communicate with people, they are taught by their parents, as well as people in the village about life and other experiences.Thus, the cultural loss in ones identity is a reason for the decline in Pacific communal life. To conclude, it is essential to be aware of the major reasons for the decline in communal life in the Pacific in relation to social impacts, economical concerns and cultural values. The Pacific people must realise that communal life is declining and it is threatening the traditions and culture of the Pacific. Traditional values and issues should be considered more to re-strengthened communal life in the Pacific. Communal life will die out if the issues are not examined and considered by the people in all the Pacific countries as a whole.

Of Mice And Men Report

Although Lennie from of mice and Men and Mrs. Jones from Thank You Maamare similar in a way the authors portray them as caring, there are diffrences in theses characters that help readers understand important themes in the two stories. Lennie and Mrs. Jones have little similarties, But yet have many diffrences There are some similarties among Mrs. Jones The main characters in the twon storys. Both characters are sympathetic towards others. Lennie from of Mice and Men showed many sympathetic action towards other charcters and animals. (pg. 58)An rabbits, lennie said eargily and id take care of them tell how id do that George this showed that lennie cared for rabbits. Mrs. Jones is Also very sympathetic for another.She show sympathy by helping out a young son who was in need of fare and money. Mrs. Jones leave a boy into her home and fixes him up a hot plate of food. The boy had once had tried stealing from her, so she sees if she can trust the boy by turning her back towards he pur se while she was cooking, to see if the boy would runaway with her purse. (Pg. 9) Theres nobody home at my house, said the boy. Then well release said the woman. I believe your hungry- or been hungry-to try to snatch my pocket book. Mrs. Jones notices that the boy most likely had no one around to buy food or buy him clothes so she shows sympenthy by helping him out. Later on we find out that the boy was stealing to buy some knew lively suaed shoes. Mrs. Jones gives hime ten dallors,and trreaches him a very important life lesson. She shows him that you dont need to steal to get what you want you ask or either exercise to get what you want in life.Despite Lennie and Mrs. Jones similarties they have very important diffrences. Pg. 90) the woman did watch her purse to see if the boy would runaway, nor did she watch her purse when she leftover it behind her bed. This action shows that Mrs. Jones is intellegant Because she left one of her great valuables behind her to test the boy if he would runoff with her purse. In contrast, lennie also had diffrences from Mrs. Jones. A matter of fact Lennie would have some else speak for him for he was mentaly slow.He was of say the wron thing and getting him self into trouble. (Pg. 62)What the hell you laughing at? Curly Lennie looked blankly at him, huh? Lennie got him self into trouble and curly began to swing on Lennie and lennie cried for George/ George yelled for lennie to fight back to protect himself and lennie did. This action showed that Lennie wasnt very intellegant to keep his mouth omit and be quite to himself. Also it shows how slow he is by having Gorege telling him What to do.

Business Management And Leadership

The man has changed signifi feces buoytly since globalization. Along with it, the concept of business management and leadership has changed too. In todays world, a coach must be an open-minded person with multicultural knowledge and an able leader to blend all the dissimilar cultural parameters of the clients and put to workers.In this context of global Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team up of professionals beneath the aspects of Management principals can be defined as the art of creating industrial relations of any kind, among people engaged in the industry, such as relation between employers and employees, relation between individuals get into into commercial contracts, relation between investors and debtors etc, in order to maintain true cooperation of all concerned along with motivating the entire deal into a positive favor.(Lamb, 2004) Efficiency of the Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals in the age of globa lization lies in not only making the employees to work, but to make them work willingly, sincerely and consciously, by employing new knowledge, new methods, new designs, new machines and novel techniques of production and by allaying surmise and antagonism.The managerial purpose takes account of a several activities, and the approximately measurable among them is making a finis what staffing requirements one have and whether to use autonomous contractors or take into service employees to meet these needs, appointing and training the most excellent employees, making sure that they are better performers, handling performance related problems, and ensuring that the human resources and administrational practices do the accepted thing to various set of laws.Thus, it is obvious that the parameters of todays managers are very different from the managers of the years gone by. The new managers are more flexible to work and cultural variables. References Lamb, D (2004) religious cult to hysteriaure The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata Wellington National Book Trust phone line Management And LeadershipI am HR department personnel of the organization it is a rush duty to recruit a manager for a department within the Services division. The Vice chairperson stresses that this department has not had a good manager in years. I need someone who can take charge, organize things, and get people motivated and working again. Here are list of decennary questions that I will use during the interview process that go beyond the information one can gain from the candidates application or resume. These would provide me the insight into why the candidate can fulfill the requirements draw by the HR manager.How would you assess yourself as a potential candidate for the post of manager in the service division and why? What are the basic principals of a service department success? During a situation of argument or heated discussion, how would you handle your offi cers? How would you council a personnel who has gone through a personal turmoil but is a very important member of your team? What would you do if the workers study for an untimely bonus? What is the procedure that you would employ in terms of irregularities and lateness?Do you believe that a manager should be the boss or a friend to the employees? How would address the personnel in terms of achieving a very difficult target? What would be your plan of action if an employee falters twice on the same prune? How important it is to evaluate personnel in terms of skill and personality? Which one is more important? There are several types of characteristics and experience that I would look for in the candidate of a manager. First, there must be sense of responsibility and an essence of leadership in this person.This person should always be ready to take up the charge and accept challenge. This person should be able to formulate fast-flying strategies for operation and should be a good organizer. Furthermore, this person must be a successful inducement and should be able to work success in effect(p)y under adverse conditions. Despite our choice of one concomitant personal manner of leadership, even during times of crisis (such as an organizational overhaul), we must keep in mind that no one leadership model can be our sole key to success.Our managerial capacities are be only by means of our ability to combine and amalgamate various styles in order to receive the results we are keen on achieving. For this, it is important for us to understand and tabulate our specific requirements and desired burden before everything else. It is also of some value to understand our own selves and find out what our personal style of leadership is. Often our own unique approach, though theoretically quite inappropriate in a given situation, can prove to be a real savior.A good manager must come these qualities into the subordinates too. Such a leader is easily accessible and believes in keeping themselves available and in full view. They communicate their conviction in their workers strongly enough to convince them of their own capacities. It can well be stated that all these are the fundamental requirements of an able and successful manager and leader of the subordinate staffs. (Lamb, 2004) References Lamb, Davis (2004) Cult to Culture The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata Wellington National Book Trust

Spectroscopy Lab Report

cName Nicholas CasselGen Chem 1210 23 March 2013 blind By the Light Abstract In this experiment we were provided a caryopsis stripe spectrometer to hold the emission pull backs of noble gases and enthalpy. Based on the get over readings on the spectrometer and the Balmer- rydberg unit formula, their wavelengths and percent wrongful conduct were subject to be extrapolated. Based on the literature values, the cereal box spectrometer proved its value as a decently accurate spectrometer. Introduction Every element and subsequent atom associated emits light withal know as electromagnetic radiation, when in an excited state.Analyzing this emitted light rouse give insight to the piece of music and characteristics of them. The light accustomed off by an energetically excited atom is non a invari competent distribution of all possible wavelengths, but rather consists of a few wavelengths giving a serial publication of discrete lines. Spectroscopy is the analysis of that emitted light and its dispersion into to its component wavelengths and colors. Niels Bohr explained the discrete spectrum of hydrogen? by relating it to the negatron. Normally the electron in the hydrogen atom is located in the first energy- direct.When a hydrogen atom atoms gains energy, the electron moves from a lower energy-level to one of mellower energy. The energy gained by the atom is but the amount of energy needed to move the electron from the lower energy-level to the higher energy-level. With its electron in a higher energy-level, the atom is now in an uns circuit card, higher energy, excited state. The tendency is for electrons to occupy the lowest level avail subject. So shortly after gaining the energy, the electron returns to a lower energy-level. Energy must be assumption up when this occurs, and the energy is lost as light.Each line in the emitted light of hydrogen represents the movement of an electron from a specific outer level to a specific inner one. We judge this emitted light against the electromagnetic spectrum with a spectrometer. A spectrometer is an instrument that gathers light particles (photons) and is able to determine the chemical make-up of the source. A spectrometer breaks up a beam of light into its component colors. Usually it uses a prism or a diffraction grating. Light goes in as a beam of white light and is split into a rainbow. Particular atoms generate light at particular frequencies (colors) and so elicit be identified in the lab.The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This range extends from sub-radio waves to gamma rays. Visible light fall within this spectrum. The light emitted by each element is independently different and has different colors that can be seen on the spectrum. The Balmer-Rydberg formula is used to describe the emission lines of hydrogen across the entire spectrum and not just visible light. The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to se e the emitted wavelengths of elements through a spectroscope and rate the wavelengths with the Balmer-Rydberg formula.Then with the calculations, relate them to the atom. I believe that with the even off calculations and comparisons the wavelengths, each emission line will be able to be resolute. Experimental The procedures as per the lab manual page 258 (Grossie, Underwood, 2012) were to first calibrate our spectroscope with helium. spirit at helium through the spectroscope, the emission lines where seen and recorded. That data was and so put into Microsoft Excel and put into a graph. From the graph a formula was extrapolated. The spectroscope was used to observe and record the fours spectral lines of hydrogen.The calibration fleck from helium determine the wavelengths of each of the lines by extrapolation. Comparing the drived wavelengths to those set from the calibration plot, and then calculate the percent illusion for the values. Then the spectroscope was used to view t he spectral lines of argon, krypton, neon and Xenon. These noble gasses be then calculated in the same manner as hydrogen. Data Results The wavelengths (? ) for helium for the calibration were given to us in our lab manual on page 261 (Grossie, D. , et al. 2012). With the spectroscope, the helium in the discharge render was observed. The emission line descale eading and colors were then recorded on elude 1. 1 which can be found below. These values where then put into an excel spreadsheet and graph was formed (table 1. 2). An equation was then extrapolated from the data that would give the experimental wavelength (expt ? ) values that will be used for later values. The trend line for table 1. 2 was established to see the relationship between wavelength and scale readings. Expt ? =a ? +b Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 carry over 1. 1 Helium Calibration ? (nm) Scale Reading disguise 667. 8 45 flushed 587. 6 35 Yellow 501. 6 22 Green 492. 2 20 Blue-green 471. 3 18 Blue 47. 1 15 chr omatic TABLE 1. 2 Helium Calibration graphical record Then, by measuring and calculating the emission lines in the hydrogen line spectrum, the data on table 1. 3 was tranquil. The calculated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent defect was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ? The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 3 Hydrogen Emission Scale Reading Color Expt ? m n Calc ? ? % error 1 2 1 3 1 4 45 Red 665. 05 2 3 656. 11 1. 36 26 Green 529. 12 2 4 486 8. 87 13 Blue 436. 12 2 5 433. 94 0. 5 29 Indigo 550. 58 2 6 410. 07 34. 26 3 4 3 5 3 6 The measuring and calculating of the emission lines in the Neon, Argon, atomic number 36 and Xenon line spectrums yielded the data on tables 1. 4-1. 7. The calculated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent error was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ?The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 4 Neon Emission Ne Scale Reading Color Expt ? Calc ? % error 45 Red 665. 05 640. 2 3. 88 38 Orange 614. 97 607. 4 1. 24 35 Yellow 593. 51 588. 2 0. 9 27 Green 536. 28 540. 1 0. 7 TABLE 1. 5 Argon Emission Ar Scale Reading Color Expt ? Calc ? % error 10 Violet 414. 66 454. 6 8. 78 32 Yellow 572. 05 514. 5 11. 18 54 Red 729. 44 528. 7 37. 96 TABLE 1. 6 Krypton Emission Kr Scale Reading Color Expt ? Calc ? % error 30 Green 557. 74 476. 3 17. 09 13 Violet 436. 12 406. 7. 31 15 Blue Violet 450. 43 415. 4 8. 43 34 Yellow 586. 35 520. 8 12. 58 TABLE 1. 7 Xenon Emission Xe Scale Reading Color Expt ? Calc ? % error 21 Green 493. 35 513. 1 3. 84 18 Blue 471. 89 464. 3 1. 63 treatment The helium trend line in table 1. 2 shows that as the longer the w avelength gets, higher the scale rating becomes. This is because the longer the wavelength is, the less energy it has. The emission lines of hydrogen were then observed and recorded on table 1. 3 with the scale readings. The m and n levels were already given to us on the table prior to the beginning of the lab.Using the Balmer-Rydberg formula, the wavelength could be calculated. Using the calibration of helium, the experimental calculation was able to be determined with the equation extrapolated from excel. The two results gave rise to the error calculations. Comparing the hydrogen results with tables 1. 4 1. 7, its can be seen that at that place is a trend of the longer the wavelength is, the more percent error there is. Through our cereal box spectrometers, the emission lines of the low energy waves viewed a the color red are more broad than that of the high energy waves because theirs are much longer respectively.This makes it more difficult to determine the exact scale reading . With the correct calculations as proposed, each emission line was able to be determined. Conclusion The ability to observe emission lines then decipher the element is a useful application in the fields of astronomy. Astronomers are able to view the emissions and determine the chemical make up of a specific object billions of miles away. The data collected indicated that as the lower the energy of the waves, there was a error percentage. This error is also from a cereal box spectrometer.It can be inferred that there is an inherent amount of decreased precision in assessing the scale readings. Future experiments could still make use of the cereal box but also have a laboratory quality spectrometer to compare accuracy too. There could be significant human error in the construction of the cereal box versions. The results of this experiment, bar any inaccuracy, where still in line of the adjust helium. References Grossie, D. & Underwood K. (2011). Laboratory Guide for Chemistry. Atomi c Spectrometry, Wright State University. Dayton, OH.

Blood Transfusion

BIOPURE INDUSTRIESA Marketing summary Based on the data from the case study by Jonn Gourville, Biopure Corporation , HBS, 1998April 20, 2005By Veronica Stepanova Executive compendium 2 Situation compendiumI. HumanMarket.. 3II. AnimalMarket.. 5 Marketing Planfor oxyglobin. 6 Finaldecision 7 Appendix 1 A (Excel documents, separate attachment) Appendix 1 B Executive Summary Many opport unit of measurementies are available in the gay subscriber line market referable to several disadvantages of the presently available alternatives. Even more opportunities exist in theanimal pipeline market. Oxyglobin should be positioned as a high-quality product designed for middle- to upper-classbudgets. The bell for Oxyglobin should be about $200 for the consumer and around $100 for the supplier(animal hospital) to trace for distribution markups and separate motorcarrying costs. Distribution should be oriented in the regionalvicinity of the operation and mechanism oversizedrclinics.In additi on, only emergency clinics are to be crossed. Current opportunities are favorable for Oxyglobins launch. Situation Analysis I. Human blood market. Patients with acute blood loss fromtraumaand surgery 40% individuals aged 65+. Chronic anemiapatients (any age) 1. 5 jillion for the year 1995. Blood loss, resulting from trauma (e. g. car accident) and exceeding 2-3 units (1 unit = 10% oftotal blood content of human body) needs immediateblood blood blood transfusion. Price is mostly cost-based (storage, implementation) blood donation is free.Existing options. Redblood cellsand their components (hemoglobin, platelets, and plasma) arecollected viadonations, organized by blood line of battle centers andthen transfused into patients. Current options allow for storage for 6weeks in refrigerated conditions, consequently disposed ofif unused. hemoglobin uses oxygen-carrying efficiency by 50% if not usedwithin the first few weeks. Blood transfusion is subject to blood typing (A, B,AB, O, positive, negative) andreception/rejection by the body. Incorrect hiting may be fatalfor the patient. infection risks slow down the make for ofexamination blood prior to its use and aregreater if blood isnot separated into components. Infections include the risks of AIDS, hepatitis B,and contamination. Blood transfusion is available on-site only (hospital or emergency room) as aresult, 30% traumapatients die prior to operation. Blood turn in is lower than inquire, especially during peak periods (summermonths and winterholidays, during which car and other travel increases ? fewer donors and more patients). Blood substitutes. 3 companies in final stages awaiting FDAapproval (clinical testing). entry into market is difficult (all current processes patented) andtime-consuming may takeup to 17 years (See case Exhibit 3). electric potential to replace current blood drawing process bycomponent separation and purification, aswell as chemical modification and stabilization of hemog lobin. make outd risk of contamination and increased storage capability of 2 years. Added benefits for patients with press or restricted blood vessels (smaller size improvedaccessibility to organs). Possibility of adapting animal blood cells for use inhumans. peril of toxicity and body rejection (sped upexcretion). Competitors/industry players .A. Baxter &Northfield Laboratories. Both rely on human blood supply toderive hemoglobin. Red blood cells obtained from expired banks. Require refrigeration. Baxter Leader in development and manufacturing of blood-oriented medical equipment. stupendous facility exertion capacity of 1 million units/year, spent $250million on R&D. overlap HemAssist to bepriced surrounded by $600-$800. Northfield Small facility 10,000-unit production capability but possible expansion into300,000 units/year. contract on single product (PolyHeme), $70 million spent on development. B. Biopure Corporation. Specializes in protein purification for pharmaceu tical use. Hemopure 2 years away from final approval. Derived from the blood of cattle. Production capacity of cl,000 butpossible production limitations due to expected concurrentusage of production equipment for animal version. Need for removal ofhemoglobin clusters from product? excess process inproduction ability. Cost for Biopure at $1. 50 per unit of animal blood, but plan to match Baxters price for finalconsumer product.II. Animal blood market. Mainly cats (35%) and dogs (50%). 800 dogs were brought to emergencytreatment due to acute blood loss in 1995,2. 5% severe. Existing options. 15,000 veterinary clinics. 5% of vet clinics perform emergency consider, with a 75% referral rate from unproblematic wangleclinics. Current blood banks insufficient, demand greatly exceeds supply 2. 5 out of 30cases treated. 93% blood drawn from donor animals (78%in emergencies) an ethically questionable practice. 150 units of blood transfused per emergency care, 17 perprimary care center (App endix A). No effective blood typing or cross-matching systems. Blood collection, storage, and transfusion too costly for proper operation. Current cost of clinical careto animal owners relatively high, undesirable. ? 84% doctor dissatisfaction with current alternatives. Blood substitutes. Biopures Oxyglobin currently the only briskFDA-approved substitute ready for launch. No evident chemical difference in theproduction process between animal and human supplement. Animal supplement approved sooner than human equivalent due to less-strict regulations in theanimal consumer market. Production capacity of 300,000 units, $200 million spent on development (combined withHemopure) Marketing Plan for OxyglobinPositioning strategy. almost animal owners (enthusiasts) gouge beassumed to be within the middle toupperincome class, based on the immaterial costs of owning an animal (refer to case Exhibit 8 for a summary ofaverage costs of memory apet). However, many consumers proved to beprice-c onscious about overlookingadditional funds on optional services (this go out be analyzed further in thepricing strategy) therefore, nopremium strategy should be used.The product should be positioned asa high-quality supplement forblood transfusion, available to (affordable by) most animal owners. Pricing strategy. As cited, animalowners expect to spend limited amounts of money onanimal care thisis slightly different for emergency situations, where customers are voluntary to spend more,as demonstratedby the survey results (Exhibit 8 Table B). The typical cost of ablood transfusion to the customer iscurrently $100 for the traditional method however, this price wassaid to have been cost-unjustified.Still, veterinarys were cited as thetrusted ascendent for determining a patients treatment selection, which putspressure on the new substitute segment to instala competitive price standard. While profit margins mayprove higher on a higher-priced item, theproducts sensitivity to reputati on for being a supposedlybetter, cheaper alternative to currently available options, which would satisfy the currently largely-unfulfilled demand for blood transfusion, would pressure Biopure to price its Oxyglobin according tocustomer expectations (See Existing options, page 5 of this report).Those expectations, aswe can seefrom the attached appendix (Appendix 1 A and B), are that the price to the consumer be about $200 ($100to the veterinarian keeping the50% markup), which would give the company the largestmarginal gainin revenues (higher prices are actually marginallosses ), magical spell still retaining the major demand (weconsider emergency care centers more important here,since they have, proportionally, a much bigdemand than primary care centers).In terms of theprice difference between Oxyglobin and its competitorin the human segment, Baxter, the latter spent $50 million more on R&D than Biopure, so the pricepremium on Baxter can bejustified by higher costs in addition, Bi opures per-unit costs are significantlysmaller because it uses cattle blood. In addition, Biopure may price Hemopure slightly higher because ofthe extra processing that goes into making it,as well as the variation inthe segment and target audience(people are willing to spend more onthemselves than on animals). Distribution.Biopure should only target emergency carepractices. Although those only make up 5% ofthe overall industry, 75% primary care specialists will referan acute blood loss case (such as a trauma)toone of these centers. Furthermore, Biopure should target large practices (3+ doctors) through regionaldistributors, both of which account for the largest sales inthe industry. Considering the limited volume ofsupplies Biopure is going to have, a internal distribution may not be desirable right away, until thecompany at least increases its production capabilities.A regional distributor would be local enough tounderstand the specific needs of its market (e. g. , New England), an d a larger vet practice could provemore efficient (and less costly) interms of the availability of materials andthe reduction of transfers,thereby also trim down the consumers costs and increasing the rateof success by providing a quickerservice (in other words, it would have morecases, but more doctors available tohelp overall, fewercases per doctor see Exhibit 7).Of course, the drawback is that a large clinic would not be as personal. The 1 million dollar question Should Oxyglobin be launched? Yes. launching early allows for an audience test? Achieve acclaim/recognition for a break-through discovery that is beneficial because it-Fulfills an restless/dissatisfied need (better quality bloodtransfusion, availability)-Reduces costs to both suppliers and consumers.? Easier entry into secondary (human) market tested on animals more trustedthan untestedcompetitors.?Potential to utilize production to full potential (instead of splitting up with Hemopure) later on, dividebased on lar ger per-unit profit (andnot necessarily the stated 150300 ratio).? If fails or doesnt test well Would aid in the decision about improving current human version (complete discontinuation notan option due tothe immense initial investment in R&D)- Reduce the shock of having to change both formulas (processes) simultaneously longer timespan gives better flexibility and more time for testing and improvement less drastic. Hemopure and Oxyglobin,although similar in purposes, are meant for two completelydifferent segments they should not be compared based on price because price expectations aredifferent for humans than they arefor animal needs the demand for Oxyglobinis clear andsignificant, while the demand for the same product in the human market is questionable. Therefore, stick with Oxyglobin which already has the approval and launch it.

Absolute Lymphocyte And Cd4 Count Health And Social Care Essay

Cluster of differentiation 4 work outs have become a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups infected with HIV in preference rich viewries. However bulk of HIV positive citizenry now live in developing states which are imagination hap little lending to about 80 % of the planetary portion. World Health Organization ( WHO ) guidelines acknowledge that absolute lymph cell count ( ALC ) whitethorn be used to do intervention determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available. Whereas ALC is an cheap and serviceable marker for presenting disease, the informations measuring the public-service sens of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to place curative determinations is conflicting.Majority of HIV positive people now live in developing states identical in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia lending to about 80 % of the planetary portion 1 . It is excessively true that this is besides the part where there is resource restriction to turn to the job similar scarceness of CD4 appraisal counters to originate machination and follow-up. Access to ART is now turning. CD4 counts have become a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups infected with HIV in resource rich countries where the load of the epidemic is low 3 . Mindful of this job, the current guidelines from World Health Organization ( WHO ) acknowledge that entire lymph cell count ( TLC ) may be used to do intervention determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available and patients are mildly diagnostic 4 .Absolute Lymphocyte cipher ( ALC ) is an cheap and utile marker for presenting disease, foretelling patterned advance to AIDS and decease and monitoring solvent to ART. The principle for the WHO s recommendation is that most surveies concluded a diminution in TLC was powerfully correlated with a diminution in CD4 count, though there were some disagreements 5-10 . However the informations measuring the public-service corpora tion of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to steer curative determinations is conflicting including a recent study which mentioned that ALC & lt 1 two hundred cells/mm3 was non optimum for placing patients necessitating ART since it showed low sensitiveness and specificity to foretell CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3 10,11 .The survey was conducted at our infirmary which is besides a regional HIV/AIDS referral gist. Over 35 patients are seen each hebdomad including new and follow up instances. The infirmary provides HIV attention such(prenominal) as guidance, intervention of timeserving infections, out patient every bit good as in patient attention and all HIV related complications and lab trials ( including CD4 lymph cell count trials for all instances and outsourced viral burden proving in choice instances ) , all free of cost. The infirmary besides provides information to patients refering the benefit of ART and entree to drugs. Eligible patients with CD4 & lt 35 0 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical phase 4 are started on ART which is besides provided free of cost. The patient spectrum includes instances with HIV infection both with and without ART and besides some who have forward-looking AIDS.From May 2009 to Jun 2010, two hundred and forty one back-to-back patients seen at our HIV/AIDS referral Centre who had obtained Complete blood count ( CBC ) and CD4 measurings on the same blood sample, were eligible for the survey. These survey topics were assessed for clinical unwellnesss on the same twenty-four hours as the lab trial measurings. A standardised information accrual signifier was completed for each patient. Patient information on registration included demographics, clinical and science lab data.Complete past health check records of all patients were either in their ownership or in our informations bank, our Centre being the regional referral Centre for HIV/AIDS. only the patients were evaluated for current age, manner of sensing of HIV ( voluntary showing or high hazard testing ) and twelvemonth of sensing of HIV infection. All past medical records were perused. All patients were subjected to a elaborate history and complete clinical scrutiny for marks of HIV disease or other timeserving infections. Two survey doctors determined the WHO clinical stage10.All patients underwent analysis for CD4+ T cell count at first sensing, six monthly for first one and half middle-aged ages and annually thenceforth. A basic Hemogram, urine analysis, Liver map trials and serum creatinine was carried out. Screening for pox, hepatitis B and C was besides done. Annually Chest X beam and ultrasound of the venters was done. Computerised imaging ( CT ) scan of venters, top dog and thorax was carried out in relevant instances. service line and thenceforth two annual Mantoux trial was done. Baseline and thenceforth two annual Toxoplasma, Herpes Simplex virus 1 & A 2 and cytomegalovirus antibody titers of IgG and IgM were besides done. Consecutive weight records were besides maintained. Any other relevant trials undeniable for intervention of any specific instances were besides undertaken. Laboratory information included CD4 measured by a FACS Counter and complete blood counts by manual method including haemoglobin ( Hb ) ( Sahliaaa?s method ) , white blood cell count ( WBC ) and Absolute lymph cell count ( ALC ) . All blood indices were done on the same sample for each patient. Quality Control is monitored by upcountry controls and external proficiency plans. Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement Programs are in place.The informations set was de-identified and no references, alone identifiers or patient visit day of the months were included. The infirmary moralss commission reviewed the survey and cleared it for farther processing.A survey in 2004-05, in Europe and USA reported that absolute lymph cell count was a strong forecaster of short-run disease patterned advance, being merely marginally less progno stic than CD4-cell per centum in the pediatric population. However Johnson et Al ( 2009 ) concluded that low absolute lymph cell count did non correlate with terrible immunosuppression based on CD4 cell count in pediatric HIV infected population. Harmonizing to the WHO s general rule to steer determination doing approximately when to originate ART in resource hapless scenes, a wider handiness of CD4 testing is indispensable. However, the scarceness of this engineering should nt be a cause to disapprove intervention while the patient s status deteriorates if there is entree to ALC and cognition of clinical presenting 4 . Several surveies revealed moderately equal sensitiveness and specificity to see ALC as a foster step for CD4 5-10 .Gupta and co-workers ( 2007 ) , discovered low sensitiveness and specificity of ALC as an surrogate marker to originate ART. As it was reported by Jacobson and co-workers ( 2003 ) , ALC may still be used in resource limited country with the apprehe nsion of its low sensitiveness and specificity. Stebbing and co-workers besides indicated that despite minimally less dependability of TLC as a alternate for CD4, ALC is of importation tool in the absence of expensive equipment to mensurate CD4.Current WHO guidelines Dec 2009, in resource-limited scenes clinical supervision alone may be an option for the first 2 old ages of intervention. We agree with the present consensus that clinical monitoring entirely may be better option than trusting on ALC. It is clip that we chew the fat drapes down on ALC as a foster marker of CD4 counts.

Investigate the Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia

Aim In this proveation we ar trying to find turn out how varying the concentration of caffein crumb affect the liveliness score of daphnia peewee.Prediction I scream that caffeine will addition the heart rate of the half-pint.IntroductionI believe the results will comply with my prediction. Caffeine is a compound found in especially tea and drinking chocolate plants and acts as a natural pesticide.Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulating meaning it increases the amount of neurotransmitters released meaning coffee is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system by increasing its activity. In this practical the caffeine should have a noticeable effect on the heart rate of daphnia as cyclops scoop outs chemicals present in the solution around it without selection. I also predict that there would be an increase in heart rate once placed in decaffeinated coffee as decaffeinated coffee still has caffeine surfeit but materially lower per milligram than caff einated coffee.However I will expect the increase of heart rate of the culture placed in caffeinated coffee to be significantly high than the culture placed in decaffeinated coffee. Daphnia The reason Daphnia is used as the organism in this prove is due to its unsophisticated body which makes the heart visible. Daphnia is better than Brine shrimp because brine shrimp is not sheer(a) meaning heart rate has to be careful by counting leg movement. Variables The sovereign variable that we change. In this case it is the caffeine content.We would be experimenting with water, decaffeinated coffee and caffeinated coffee to observe and compare its effect on the heart rate of Daphnia. The control for this experiment is a solution with no caffeine which allows us to tally if the change in heart rate is due to the caffeine or other factors. To ensure that this experiment is a fair test only the concentration of the caffeine will be changed. Caffeine is the independent variable. I tested each particular concentration of caffeine 10 times.I decided this prior to the experiment because there was bound to results that are out of pattern so repeating this many times would extend authoritative errors resulting in to a greater extent accurate and reliable data. The dependant variable is the heart rate of the shrimp will be measured over 10 seconds Ccontrol variables These are variables that should be kept the same. As a result the effect other factors other than coffee content are limited. This is needed as the physical object is to investigate the effects of caffeine content. The control variables ensure valid data.Volume of solution The time heartbeat is measured within Temperature Daphnia may be very sensitive to the heat consequently the kinetic thrust given to them by heat could have effects on the heart rate. Same culture of Daphnia To minimise genetic differences. The size of the shrimp can change the degree of the effect of caffeine. The larger shrimp will h ave a lower heart rate. I will ensure this as outperform as possible by keeping the Daphnia in the same light intensity by shining a lamp directly at it.Preliminary experimentI did a preliminary experiment to familiarise myself with the methods so no time is wasted during the actual experiment. It helped me identify the limitations in the experiment and how to conduct the experiment appropriately. For example I noted not to add too much of each solution on the microscope as there will be a loss of surface tension and it will spill. I also learnt to not use the slide covers as they kill the Daphnia Analysis The mean heart rate of Daphnia shrimp placed in solution B is 26. 5% higher than the heart rate of the Daphnia placed in the control solution.Furthermore it is 1.9 % less than Solution A ( less difference than I predicted. From these results we can infer that Solution B is the solution containing decaffeinated coffee. This is because the mean heart rate is lower than caffeinated coffee and higher than the control solution. This is because decaffeinated coffee contains caffeine but significantly lower per milligram than caffeinated solution. However this Solution A, caffeinate coffee caused the daphnia heart rate to increase the most. This proves the hypothesis because the greater the caffeine content, the more neurotransmitters are released.The increase in this neuronal stimulation is interpreted as an emergency in organisms causing adrenaline to be released therefore heart rate increases. There still appears to be fluctuations that are probably caused by systematic errors. The data from shrimp placed in solution A (caffeinated coffee) has the greatest sport in results at 168 compared to solution B, 108. Evaluation Reliability My results appear fairly reliable because there is an obvious pattern occurs and it supports my prediction. The experiment was carried out as a blind trial whereby the solutions except for the control are unknown.This helps eliminate diagonal whereby I dont choose some results and ignore others to support my prediction making the results more reliable. Validity Systematic errors could have caused this for example I did not give time for the Daphnia to absorb the solution before counting the heart rate. These factors could have also caused the fluctuations in the results so accuracy is questionable. The variation in caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee could have been caused by systematic errors. For example, the Daphnia could have already been dead.There was a significant drop between the eighth and ninth test of solution A ( around 54. 7%) I did not expect this because caffeine is a stimulant drug. This suggest that the shrimp have different gross profit margin towards caffeine and some may have been dying. Furthermore the heart rate of some shrimp could be distinctly different from the other shrimps as they were trying to escape the cotton fibres which requires more energy olibanum hear rate increases. Thi s suggests that the culture of Daphnia used in the experiment could have contained shrimp that are different age and size.Although I tested each concentration 10 times, there is still a lot of variability of the results. Water, on the other hand has the lowest variability of only 60. The variability in the other contents are at 168 (caffeinated coffee) and 108 ( decaffeinated coffee) This could perhaps be the effect of other chemicals in caffeine which Daphnia are responsive to. Accuracy Certain methods of collecting data were not accurate therefore affecting the validity. For example, a random error such as not tapping the pen in the pulsation of the heartbeat affected the number of heart beats per minute.

King Lear by Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

powerfulness Lear by Shakespeare - Essay ExampleLance Baker is an excellent role player as the daughter to Regans husband. Steve and Jesse, acting as Gloucesters sons were also strong characters who were influential in the act. The acts of the three actors who played the persona of Lears daughters had substantial stage impact. Their performances depicted lack of experience in Shakespearean work. One could comfortably realize the lack of vocal and dramatic power in the rest of the play. The directors uncomplicated scenic design synchronized with the modern-dress Lear. Genos lighting design, which is rather dramatic, highlighted the performances of the actors.The moment that had the biggest impression was in the foremost act when Lear had a hilarious exchange with Oswald. The part is impressive because it gives relief to me in preparation of face up the terrible suffering that the play dramatizes. When Lear asks who he was, Oswald replies, My Ladys father. Lear gets surprised on hearing the suffice and repeats it. He calls Oswald names such as dog and slave. Oswald in a satirical tone declines that he is none of the names that Lear uses on him and begs for a pardon. The folly in the exchange continues and makes the portion of the act a memorable theatrical performance.The staging of the scene where Edgar pretends to show Gloucester the edge of a Dover cliff from was performed convincingly. The actor playing the part of Edgar perfectly did his portion of the play. On the stage, the two actors acting as Edgar and Gloucester walked at a rather raised platform with the one acting as Edgar breathing hard to convince Gloucester that the make was steep. When they reached the end section of the platform, they stopped and Edgar points at the wall that had the image of scenery of the sea. His description of the sea and the alike(p) scenery captured the mind of the reader before Edgar walks away leaving the old man to fall most two feet down to the normal

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global warming - enquiry Paper ExampleThe author has rightly presented that global warming refers to climate change that represents an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. It is defined as increase in the globes atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur collect to an increase in the nursery Effect caused especially by pollution. The comment explains the climate change, which is increase in average temperature of the planet. The climate change is linked with the Greenhouse Effect. The effect pull up stakes be discussed in detail later, but the major element causing the effect is the amount of babys room burn outes present in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the major component of the greenhouse gases. Therefore, a link can be drawn between climate change and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This relation was primary notice in a study explaining the Ice Ages. The outcome of the study suggested that the lower level of carbon dio xide gas might explain the Ice Ages. The major contributing scientists in establishing this relationship and predicting global warming were Arrhenius and Chamberlin. Arrhenius was the first to calculate the magnitude of the effect on global temperature in 1896 and bought up the possibility of future warming. The calculations were through with(p) mainly to explain Ice Ages and the possibility of global warming was not stressed upon. Furthermore, the idea was not widely genuine by scientists. This idea was revived in 1938, but was not widely accepted till early 1960s. ... It is, therefore, important that we know the cost of our lifestyle and the direction we atomic number 18 heading towards. 1.2 The anesthetize is of prime importance as it relates to our home, earth. The degradation of the purlieu will ultimately affect us or our next generations in particular. The magnitude of the effect is increasing at an alarming rate and its consequences are beyond our wildest imagination. T he government issue came into limelight with rising sea level and in particular the melting of the polar caps. As we discover more we realize its importance. Every system on earth is interlinked and its consequences are widespread. Currently, the measures taken are inadequate and not at an international level. Any change in atmosphere or our environment affects complete earth and we all become sufferers for our collective actions. The world needs to unite to solve this issue and an international policy must be made to fight against global warming. Survival has always been the nigh important priority for any living organisms. The issue relates to the survival of our kind, but it is not given due importance which it deserves. 1.3 Without the atmosphere, the earth would be much colder, when related to the distance of our planet from the sun (Postma 2). In simple, earth is much warmer than it should be because of its atmosphere. It was first discovered by Tyndall in 1859 that gases ca n trap rut rays (Reville 1). The most important of these was simple water vapor. Carbon dioxide, though in very less measuring rod was also found to be very effective. This effect was later called Greenhouse Effect. The question arises is Greenhouse Effect the main cause for global warming? This question forms the basis for this research paper and aft(prenominal)

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Marketing - Essay ExampleOur sponsors argon currently every(prenominal) the leading brands and we engage been able to increase our ROI from 10% to 20% since last year. The trump out aspect of working with our team is that we have done proper research just about our market and we have complete understanding about our target market and the customers. We have designed all our marketing activities in accordance with the needs of our market so that all their demands are easily fulfilled and our company ass expand its go to other States as well.The grocery shopping on the website gives an awesome experience and it is justly said that the store provides access to all the grocery items with utmost ease. There is enough evidence about the success of this website but more details need to be provided about the investors. However, the life of Chicago flock has eased out to a greater extent as they can easily purchase all their groceries in less period of time. Hence, it would have been mo re beneficial if some details about the products and services offered at the website are provided which will give a snapshot of the range of products offered by

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Research Proposal

The American society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) - Research Proposal ExampleThis society is a privately funded 501 (c) (3) non- increase corporation and could boast of more than a million supporters around the country.The noble visions of the ASPCA have spread its tentacles off the beaten track(predicate) and wide all around the world and have over the past years been battling with the government and opposite organizations to pass more humane laws where animals are concerned. Their main aim is to strive hard towards the day when all(prenominal) and every animal would live in peace, without any pain or fear.ASPCAs Activities - Rescuing animals from dangerous situations and speech their lives is the prime activity of the ASPCA. Most of these animals are pets who have accidentally got into problems such as poisoning, caught in a fire, fallen into well or pit, or climbed so high and are unable to get down. They too rescue poor animals who are brutally abused a nd neglected.The Mission of the ASPCA as put down by Henry Bergh in 1866 was to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals throughout the United States. The Society has a rich history of challenges as well as victories from the time of its inception. Some of these challenges are providing non only protection but care to the working horses in the city and also transforming the many bounder pounds into adoption facilities that are professionally undertaken and run. Another of its victories was the founding of an animal hospital which is still in innovation even today.Specially trained staff is on call duty round the clock at the ASPCA Animal Poison and Control center. Highly trained staff and veterinarians dedicate themselves to providing good quality aesculapian care. The ASPCA Animal Behavior Center render free training and advice by animal experts and pet passing support services. The organization also renders services throughout New York City for all the low- income

Packaging Power Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Packaging Power Proposal - subsidisation ExampleThe new proposed case lead be made up of plastic. The plastic volition work a similar shape to the traditional packaging used, but the packaging will have the skill of individually packaging each egg. The packaging can be separated into 12 individual miniskirt boxes that protect each egg. There are many advantages to the new packaging design. The customers who buy the dozen will be able to separate the eggs which will save the customers freezer space. The stores who sell eggs including supermarkets will have the ability to sell eggs by the single unit instead of forcing the customers to buy 12 eggs. For a single person 12 eggs are sometimes too much since the person will not be eating eggs every day. Another advantage of the new packaging is that companies can put designs in the plastic material to make the product more attractive. Appendix A Packaging of eggs (Babylon, 2011). References Babylon.com (2011). Dozen egg carton. Ret rieved June 10, 2011 from http//search.babylon.com/?q=dozen+eggs+carton&babsrc=HP_ss&s=img&as=0

Defining Racial Profiling and Utilitarian Argument Essay

Defining Racial Profiling and Utilitarian Argument - Essay ExampleThe cla usage leave also deals with delineating the incongruence in the arguments in favor of racial write and reinforce the arguments against racial pen. Finally, it will be argued that a number of utilitarian objections that have been leveled against racial profiling are impenetrable by those that support racial profiling that. Definition of Racial Profiling In order to maintain the crystal clear soundness and defensibility of any argument, one must clearly define racial profiling the before marchland into any discussion about the moral problem it poses. The term racial profiling was coined to criticize certain abusive investigation methods of the legal philosophy force and, as a result, has widely been associated with being unjust and the unwarrantable (Gross & Livingston, 2002). In this essay, however, the term will be used without any bias and the implication of illegitimacy. When racial profiling will be r eferred in the article, it would be on the basis of Risse and Zechhausers (2004) broad definition that will be introduced later in the article. Ramirez (2000) defines racial profiling as any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national stem, rather than the behavior of an private or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Here, the definition puts together race, ethnicity, and nationality along with the use of an individuals behavior or information. By doing so, Ramirez describes profiling in a way seeks moral disapproval against the complete reliance on race and ethnicity in police investigation. It is clear that according to this definition, the idle racial profiling is when the race and ethnicity are the sole motivation for a police action (Risse & Zeckhauser, 2004). despite its general soundness at a first glance, the definition fails to consider th e cases that involve a combination of race and information (Risse & Zeckhauser, 2004). Hypothetically, if the police stopped disproportionately more blacks than whites for petty violations of the law, such as driving with a broken tail light or exceeding a speed limit by 10mph, it should be considered racial profiling. However, Ramirezs definition cannot be used to establish whether this case is racial profiling or not because in this example, both race and information are used in the police action (Risse & Zeckhauser, 2004). On the other hand, Risse and Zeckhauser (2004) define racial profiling in a more wide manner by suggesting that racial profiling is any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin and not merely on the behavior of an individual. Through this definition, it can be deduced that racial profiling is when police action relies on a combination of information and race to punish those involved in committing crime. Tests for confir m Racial Profiling Even though, Risse and Zechhausers definition of racial profiling is comprehensive and helpful in understanding the kind of police action that